Silicon neokisijeni ndizvo zvinhu zviviri zvinonyanya kupararira mugomba rePasi. Kunze kwekuumba SiO2, zvinobatanawo kuti zvigadzire zvicherwa zvakawanda zvesilicate zvinowanikwa mugomba. Kune zvicherwa zvinopfuura 800 zvesilicate zvinozivikanwa, zvinosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemarudzi ese ezvicherwa anozivikanwa. Pamwe chete, zvinoumba inenge 85% yegomba rePasi nelithosphere nehuremu. Zvicherwa izvi hazvisi izvo chete zvinoumba matombo eigneous, sedimentary, uye metamorphic asi zvinoshandawo senzvimbo dzematombo akawanda esimbi asiri esimbi uye asingawanzoitiki. Mienzaniso inosanganisira quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, bentonite, talc, mica, asbestos, wollastonite, pyroxene, amphibole, kyanite, garnet, zircon, diatomite, serpentine, peridotite, andalusite, biotite, uye muscovite.
1. Feldspar
◆Hunhu Hwemuviri: Feldspar chicherwa chakapararira zvakanyanya pasi rose. Feldspar ine potassium yakawanda inonzi potassium feldspar. Orthoclase, microcline, uye albite mienzaniso yemaminerari e potassium feldspar. Feldspar ine makemikari akasimba uye inodzivirira maasidhi, kazhinji yakaoma kuora. Kuoma kwayo kunobva pa5.5 kusvika 6.5, density kubva pa2.55 kusvika 2.75, uye melting point kubva pa1185 kusvika 1490°C. Zvinowanzoitika ne quartz, muscovite, biotite, sillimanite, garnet, uye magnetite, ilmenite, uye tantalite zvishoma.
◆Mashandisirwo: Inoshandiswa mukunyungudutsa magirazi, zvinhu zve ceramic, ma ceramic glazes, zvinhu zve enamel, potassium fertilizer, uye sematombo ekushongedza uye matombo anokosha zvishoma.
◆Nzira dzekusarudza: Kusarudza nemaoko, kupatsanura nemagnetic, kutenderera.
◆Kutanga uye Kuitika: Kunowanikwa mumatombo egneiss kana gneissic metamorphic; mimwe mitsipa inowanikwa mumatombo egranite kana mafic kana munzvimbo dzawo dzekusangana. Yakanyanya kuwanda mu pegmatitic feldspar massifs kana differentiated single feldspar pegmatites.
2. Kaolinite
◆Hunhu Hwemuviri: Kaolinite yakachena ichena asi inowanzova neruvara rutsvuku, yero, bhuruu, girini, kana grey nekuda kwetsvina. Ine huremu hwe2.61 kusvika 2.68 uye kuomarara kunobva pa2 kusvika ku3. Kaolinite inoshandiswa mukugadzira zviumbwa zvezuva nezuva uye zvemaindasitiri, zvinhu zvinoramba kushanda, kugadzira mapepa, kuvaka, kuputira, rabha, mapurasitiki, machira, uye semuchina wekuzadza kana pigment chena.
◆Mashandisirwo: Inoshandiswa mukugadzira zviumbwa zvezuva nezuva uye zvemaindasitiri, zvinhu zvinoramba kushanda, kugadzira mapepa, kuvaka, kuputira, rabha, mapurasitiki, machira, uye semuzadzisi kana pigment chena.
◆Nzira dzekusarudza: Kupatsanurana kwemagineti kwakaoma uye kwakanyorova, kupatsanurana kwesimba rinokwevera pasi, kucheneswa kwesimbi, kucheneswa kwemakemikari.
◆Kutanga uye Kuitika: Zvinowanzo umbwa kubva pamatombo eigneous uye metamorphic ane silica-alumina yakawanda, anochinjwa nekusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze kana kutsiva hydrothermal inodziya zvishoma.
3. Mika
◆Hunhu Hwayo: Mica inowanzova chena, ine mivara yeyero yakapfava, girini yakapfava, kana grey yakapfava. Ine kupenya kwakaita segirazi, yakaita semaparera panzvimbo dzakatsemuka, uye ine machira matete anochinjika asi asina kupfava. Kuoma kwayo kunobva pa1 kusvika ku2 uye huwandu hwayo hunobva pa2.65 kusvika 2.90. Mica inowana kushandiswa muzvinhu zvinoramba kusimba, ceramics, electric porcelain, crucibles, fiberglass, rabha, papermaking, pigments, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, plastics, uye sezvinhu zvinobatsira pakuveza mifananidzo.
◆Mashandisirwo: Inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvinodzivirira ganda, ceramics, porcelain yemagetsi, crucibles, fiberglass, rabha, kugadzira mapepa, pigments, mishonga, zvizoro, mapurasitiki, uye sezvinhu zvinobatsira pakuveza mifananidzo.
◆Nzira dzekusarudza: Kusarudza nemaoko, kupatsanurana kwemagetsi, kupatsanurana kwemagnetic.
◆Kutanga uye Kuitika: Zvinowanzo gadzirwa nekuchinja kwemvura inopisa kwematombo emakomo anoputika ane acidic ari pakati nepakati, anowanikwawo mumatombo ecrystalline ane aluminium yakawanda uye mamwe matombo equartz ane hydrothermal yakaderera.
4. Kutaura
◆Hunhu Hwemuviri: Talc yakachena haina ruvara asi inowanzoita yero, girini, shava, kana pingi nekuda kwetsvina. Ine kupenya kwakaita segirazi uye kuomarara kwe1 pachikero cheMohs. Talc inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sekuzadza mumaindasitiri ekugadzira mapepa nerabha uye semushonga wekuchena mumaindasitiri emachira. Inoshandiswawo muzvigadzirwa zveceramic, pendi, machira ekuputira, mapurasitiki, uye zvizoro.
◆Mashandisirwo: Inoshandiswa semushonga wekuzadza muindasitiri yekugadzira mapepa nerabha, semushonga wekuchenesa muindasitiri yemachira, uye muzvigadzirwa zveceramic, pendi, machira ekuputira, mapurasitiki, uye zvizoro.
◆Nzira dzekusarudza: Kusarudza nemaoko, kupatsanura nemagetsi, kupatsanura nemagetsi, kurongedza nemaziso, kutenderera, kukwesha.
◆Kutanga uye Kuitika: Zvinowanzo umbwa nekuchinja kwemvura inopisa uye kuchinja kwechimiro, zvinowanzobatanidzwa ne magnesite, serpentine, dolomite, uye talc schist.
5. Muscovite
◆Hunhu Hwemuviri: Muscovite rudzi rwechicherwa che mica, chinowanzoonekwa muchena, grey, yero, girini, kana brown. Chine kupenya kwakaita segirazi uye chakaita semaparera pamusoro penzvimbo dzakatsemuka. Muscovite inoshandiswa pakudzimisa moto, kupinza tambo, mapurasitiki, kuputira magetsi, kugadzira mapepa, pepa reasphalt, rabha, pigments dzemaparera, mapurasitiki, pendi, uye rabha sezvinhu zvinozadza zvinhu.
◆Mashandisirwo: Anoshandiswa sezvinhu zvinodzima moto, tambo dzekuwedera, mapurasitiki, kuputira magetsi, kugadzira mapepa, bepa reasphalt, rabha, pigments dzemaparera, mapurasitiki, pendi, uye rabha sezvinhu zvinozadza zvinhu.
◆Nzira dzekusarudza: Kuyangarara, kusarudza mhepo, kusarudza nemaoko, kubvisa maburi, kusarudza kukweshana, kukuya zvakanaka, kukuya kwakanatswa zvakanyanya, kugadzirisa pamusoro.
◆Kutanga uye Kuitika: Chinonyanya kukosha kubva kumabasa emashiripiti uye maitiro epegmatitic, anowanzo kuwanikwa mugranite pegmatites uye mica schists, zvinowanzobatanidzwa nequartz, feldspar, uye zvicherwa zvisingawanzoitiki zvine radioactive.
Kuenderera mberi neshanduro:
6. Sodalite
Sodalite imhando yemakristaro etriclinic, inowanzoita makristaro akaita secylindrical ane mitsetse yakafanana pamusoro pekristaro. Ine vitreous luster, uye kutsemuka kwacho kunoratidza girazi kusvika kune pearly luster. Mavara acho anosiyana kubva pachiedza kusvika kubhuruu rakasviba, girini, yero, grey, brown, isina ruvara, kana grey-white yakajeka. Kuoma kwayo kunobva pa5.5 kusvika 7.0, ine giravhiti chaiyo ye3.53 kusvika 3.65. Zvicherwa zvikuru isodalite uye huwandu hushoma hwesilica, ine zvicherwa zvekuwedzera zvakaita se quartz, black mica, gold mica, uye chlorite.
Sodalite chigadzirwa chekuchinja chimiro chedunhu chinowanikwa mu crystalline schists ne gneisses. Vagadziri vakakurumbira pasi rose vanosanganisira Switzerland, Austria, nedzimwe nyika. Kana yapiswa kusvika 1300°C, sodalite inoshanduka kuita mullite, chinhu chinodzivisa kupisa chinoshandiswa mukugadzira ma spark plugs, ma nozzles emafuta, nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zveceramic zvinodzivisa kupisa zvakanyanya. Aluminium inogonawo kubviswa. Makristasi anopenya ane mavara akanaka anogona kushandiswa sematombo anokosha, uye bhuruu rakadzika ndiro rinonyanya kufarirwa. North Carolina muUnited States inogadzira sodalite yebhuruu rakadzika negirinhi ine matombo anokosha.
7.Garnet
◆Zvimiro zvemuviri
Kazhinji brown, yero, tsvuku, girini, nezvimwewo; inoonekera kusvika yapenya; vitreous luster, yakatyoka ine resinous luster; hapana kutsemuka; kuomarara 5.6~7.5; density 3.5~4.2.
◆Mashandisirwo
Kuomarara kwakanyanya kweGarnet kunoita kuti ikodzere kushandiswa nezvinhu zvinokwesha; makristaro makuru ane ruvara rwakanaka uye kujeka anogona kushandiswa sematombo anokosha.
◆Nzira dzekuparadzanisa
Kuronga nemaoko, kupatsanurana kwemagineti.
◆Genesisi uye kuitika
Garnet inopararira zvakanyanya mumaitiro akasiyana-siyana e geological, ichigadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzegarnet nekuda kwemaitiro akasiyana e geological; calcium-aluminium garnet series inonyanya kugadzirwa mu hydrothermal, alkaline rocks, uye mamwe ma pegmatites; magnesium-aluminium garnet series inonyanya kugadzirwa mumatombo e igneous uye regional metamorphic rocks, gneisses, uye volcanic rocks.
8.Biotite
◆Zvimiro zvemuviri
Biotite inonyanya kuwanikwa mumatombo akachinja chimiro uye mamwe matombo akadai segranite. Ruvara rwebiotite runobva padema kusvika pabrown, tsvuku, kana girini. Ine vitreous luster, elastic crystals, kuomarara kushoma pane chipikiri, iri nyore kubvarura kuita zvidimbu, uye ine chimiro cheplate kana columnar.
◆Mashandisirwo
Inonyanya kushandiswa muzvinhu zvekuvaka zvinodzivirira moto, kugadzira mapepa, bepa reasphalt, mapurasitiki, rabha, zvinodzima moto, tsvimbo dzekuwedera, zvishongo, pigments dzemaparera, uye mamwe maindasitiri emakemikari. Mumakore achangopfuura, biotite yave ichishandiswawo zvakanyanya mukupenda zvinhu zvekushongedza zvakaita sependi chaiyo yematombo.
◆Nzira dzekuparadzanisa
Kuyangarara, kusarudzwa kwemhepo, kusarudzwa nemaoko, kukweshwa, kusarudzwa kwekukweshana, kukuya zvakanaka, kukuya kwakanyatsonaka, kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo.
9.Muscovite
◆Zvimiro zvemuviri
Muscovite rudzi rwechicherwa chemica chiri muboka remica chena, chine silicate yealuminium, iron, uye potassium. Muscovite ine muscovite ine ruvara rwakasviba (mavara akasiyana-siyana ebrown kana green, nezvimwewo) uye muscovite ine ruvara rwakajeka (mavara akasiyana-siyana eyero yakajeka). Muscovite ine ruvara rwakajeka inopenya uye ine vitreous luster; muscovite ine ruvara rwakasviba inopenya zvishoma. Vitreous kusvika submetallic luster, pamusoro peganda rine pearly luster. Mapepa matete anonamira, kuomarara 2 ~ 3, dhiravhiti chaiyo 2.70 ~ 2.85, haifambise.
◆Mashandisirwo
Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvinhu zvekuvaka, indasitiri yekudzimisa moto, zvinodzima moto, tsvimbo dzekuwedera, mapurasitiki, zvinodzivirira magetsi, kugadzira mapepa, bepa reasphalt, rabha, pigments dzemaparera, nedzimwe indasitiri dzemakemikari. Upfu hwemica hwakatsetseka hunoshandiswa sechinozadza chinoshanda chepurasitiki, machira, pendi, rabha, nezvimwewo, kuvandudza simba remakanika, kuwedzera kusimba, kunamira, kudzivirira kukwegura, uye kuramba ngura.
Mumaindasitiri, inonyanya kushandiswa nekuda kwekudzivirira kwayo kupisa uye kudzivirira kupisa, pamwe nekudzivirira kwayo acids, alkalis, compression, uye peeling properties, inoshandiswa sezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvemidziyo yemagetsi nemidziyo yemagetsi; chechipiri inoshandiswa mukugadzira ma boilers esteam, mahwindo efurnace ekunyungudutsa, uye zvikamu zvemakanika.
◆Nzira dzekuparadzanisa
Kuyangarara, kusarudzwa kwemhepo, kusarudzwa nemaoko, kukweshwa, kusarudzwa kwekukweshana, kukuya zvakanaka, kukuya kwakanyatsonaka, kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo.
10.Muorivhi
◆Zvimiro zvemuviri
Girini remuorivhi, yero-girini, grey-girini yakajeka, girini-dema. Kupenya kweganda, kutsemuka kwakafanana neganda; kuomarara 6.5~7.0, density 3.27~4.37.
◆Mashandisirwo
Inoshandiswa sezvinhu zvekugadzira magnesium compounds ne phosphates, inoshandiswa mukugadzira calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizers; olivine ine magnesium yakawanda inogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvinoramba kusimba; olivine yakajeka, ine ganda rakakora inogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvematombo anokosha.
◆Nzira dzekuparadzanisa
Kusarudzwa patsva, kupatsanurwa kwemagineti.
◆Genesisi uye kuitika
Zvikurukuru inoumbwa nekuita kwe magmatic, kunoitika mumatombo e ultrabasic ne basic, anobatanidzwa ne pyroxene, amphibole, magnetite, platinum group minerals, nezvimwewo.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-31-2024