Silikoni uye okisijeni ndizvo zviviri zvakapararira zvakanyanya mupasi rePasi.Kunze kwekugadzira SiO2, ivo vanobatanawo kugadzira iyo yakawanda yakawanda silicate minerals inowanikwa mucrust.Kune anopfuura 800 anozivikanwa silicate zvicherwa, anoverengera angangoita chikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheese anozivikanwa mamineral marudzi.Pamwe chete, vanoita 85% yePasi crust uye lithosphere nehuremu.Aya maminerari haazi iwo chete ekutanga zvinoumba igneous, sedimentary, uye metamorphic matombo asi zvakare anoshanda senzvimbo kune akawanda asiri esimbi uye asingawanzo simbi ores.Mienzaniso inosanganisira quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, bentonite, talc, mica, asbestos, wollastonite, pyroxene, amphibole, kyanite, garnet, zircon, diatomite, serpentine, peridotite, andalusite, biotite, uye muscovite.
1. Feldspar
◆Zvenyama Zvivakwa: Feldspar iminerari yakagoverwa zvakanyanya paPasi.Potassium-rich feldspar inonzi potassium feldspar.Orthoclase, microcline, uye albite mienzaniso ye potassium feldspar minerals.Feldspar inoratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekemikari uye inopokana neasidhi, kazhinji inonetsa kuora.Kuoma kunotangira pa5.5 kusvika pa6.5, density kubva pa2.55 kusvika 2.75, uye melting point kubva pa1185 kusvika 1490.°C. Inowanzoitika nequartz, muscovite, biotite, sillimanite, garnet, uye zvishoma zvemagnetite, ilmenite, uye tantalite.
◆Zvishandiso: Inoshandiswa mugirazi kunyunguduka, ceramic mbishi zvinhu, ceramic glazes, enamel mbishi zvinhu, potassium fetiraiza, uye sematombo ekushongedza uye semi-akakosha matombo.
◆Nzira dzekusarudza: Kubata maoko, kupatsanurwa kwemagineti, kuyerera.
◆Genesisi uye Zviitiko: Inowanikwa mumagneisses kana gneissic metamorphic rocks;mamwe tsinga anoitika mugranite kana mafic rock mitumbi kana nzvimbo dzekusangana.Kunyanya kuiswa mu pegmatitic feldspar massifs kana kusiyanisa imwe feldspar pegmatites.
2. Kaolinite
◆Zvinhu Zvenyama: Kaolinite yakachena asi kazhinji ine ruvara rwakatsvuka, yero, yebhuruu, yegirini, kana grey nekuda kwekusachena.Iine density ye2.61 kusvika ku2.68 uye kuoma kubva ku2 kusvika ku3. Kaolinite inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemazuva ose-kushandiswa uye maindasitiri ceramics, refractory materials, papermaking, kuvaka, coatings, rubber, plastiki, textiles, uye sekuzadza white pigment.
◆Zvishandiso: Inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwezuva nezuva-kushandiswa uye maindasitiri ceramics, refractory zvinhu, papermaking, kuvaka, machira, rabha, mapurasitiki, machira, uye sekuzadza kana chena pigment.
◆Sarudzo Nzira: Yakaoma uye yakanyorova magineti kupatsanurwa, giravhiti kupatsanurwa, calcination, makemikari bleaching.
◆Genesisi uye Zviitiko: Yakanyanya kuumbwa kubva kune silica-alumina-rich igneous uye metamorphic matombo, akachinjwa nemamiriro ekunze kana kudzika-tembiricha hydrothermal kutsiva.
3. Mika
◆Zvimiro Zvenyama: Mica kazhinji ichena, ine mimvuri yeyero, yakasvibira, kana grey.Iine girazi rinopenya, separera-kunge pane cleavage pamusoro, uye anochinjika asi asina-elastic matete mapepa.Kuoma kunotangira pa1 kusvika pa2 uye density kubva pa2.65 kusvika 2.90.Mica anowana kushandiswa muzvinhu zvinoramba, maceramics, electric porcelain, crucibles, fiberglass, rabha, papermaking, pigment, mishonga yemishonga, cosmetics, mapurasitiki, uye sechinhu chekubatsira chekuveza kwakanaka.
◆Zvishandiso: Inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvinoramba, maceramics, electric porcelain, crucibles, fiberglass, rabha, papermaking, pigment, mishonga yemishonga, cosmetics, mapurasitiki, uye sechinhu chinobatsira pakuveza kwakanaka.
◆Nzira dzekusarudza: Kubata maoko, kupatsanurwa kwemagetsi, kupatsanurwa kwemagineti.
◆Genesis uye Zvakaitika: Inonyanya kubudiswa nehydrothermal alteration yepakati acidic volcanic rocks uye tuffs, inowanikwawo mualuminium-rich crystalline schists uye mamwe akadzika-tembiricha hydrothermal quartz veins.
4. Talc
◆Zvimiro zvemuviri: Pure talc haina ruvara asi inowanzoonekwa yero, girini, brown, kana pink nekuda kwetsvina.Iine girazi rinopenya uye kuoma kwe1 pachiyero cheMohs.Talc inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sekuzadza mukugadzira mapepa uye maindasitiri erabha uye seanochenesa mumiriri muindasitiri yemachira.Iyo zvakare ine maapplication mu ceramics, pendi, coatings, mapurasitiki, uye cosmetics.
◆Zvishandiso: Inoshandiswa sekuzadza mukugadzira mapepa uye maindasitiri erabha, seanochenesa muindasitiri yemachira, uye mumakeramiki, pendi, machira, mapurasitiki, uye zvizorwa.
◆Nzira dzekusarudza: Kubata maoko, kupatsanurwa kwemagetsi, kupatsanurwa kwemagineti, kurongedza kwemaziso, kuyerera, kukwesha.
◆Genesisi uye Zviitiko: Inonyanya kuumbwa ne hydrothermal alteration uye metamorphism, inowanzobatanidzwa ne magnesite, serpentine, dolomite, uye talc schist.
5. Muscovite
◆Zvimiro Zvenyama: Muscovite imhando yemaminerari e mica, inowanzoonekwa mune chena, grey, yero, girini, kana brown.Iine girazi rinopenya rine pearl-senge pane cleavage surface.Muscovite inoshandiswa pakudzimisa moto, simbi dzewelding, mapurasitiki, magetsi ekudzivirira, kugadzira mapepa, asphalt bepa, rabha, pearl pigments, mapurasitiki, pendi, uye rabha semafirita anoshanda.
◆Zvishandiso: Inoshandiswa semidziyo yekudzimisa moto, simbi yewelding, mapurasitiki, magetsi ekudzivirira, kugadzira mapepa, asphalt bepa, rabha, pearl pigments, mapurasitiki, pendi, uye rabha semafirita anoshanda.
◆Sarudzo Nzira: Flotation, kusarudzwa kwemhepo, kusarudzwa kwemaoko, kupepeta, kusarudzwa kwekukwesha, kugaya kwakanaka, ultrafine kugaya, kugadziridzwa kwepasi.
◆Genesisi uye Chiitiko: Kunyanya chigadzirwa che magmatic chiito uye pegmatitic chiito, chinowanzowanikwa mugranite pegmatites uye mica schists, inowanzobatanidzwa ne quartz, feldspar, uye zvisingawanzo radioactive minerals.
Kuenderera mberi neshanduro:
6. Sodalite
Sodalite ndeye triclinic crystal system, kazhinji yakatsetseka cylindrical makristasi ane mitsetse yakafanana pane yekristaro pamusoro.Iine vitreous luster, uye kuputsika kunoratidza girazi kune pearly luster.Mavara anosiyana kubva pachiedza kusvika kune yakasviba bhuruu, yegirini, yero, grey, brown, isina ruvara, kana yakajeka greyish-chena.Huoma hunobva pa5.5 kusvika 7.0, huine giravhiti chaiyo ye3.53 kusvika 3.65.Iwo maminerari makuru ari sodalite uye mashoma mashoma esilica, ane zvicherwa zvekuwedzera senge quartz, dema mica, goridhe mica, uye chlorite.
Sodalite idunhu metamorphism chigadzirwa chinowanikwa mune crystalline schists uye gneisses.Vagadziri vane mukurumbira pasi rose vanosanganisira Switzerland, Austria, nedzimwe nyika.Pakupisa kusvika ku1300°C, sodalite inoshandura kuita mullite, yakakwirira-giredhi refractory zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira spark plugs, oiri nozzles, uye zvimwe zvepamusoro-tembiricha refractory ceramic zvigadzirwa.Aluminium inogonawo kutorwa.Makristasi akajeka emavara akanaka anogona kushandiswa sematombo anokosha, ane bhuruu yakadzika iri iyo inonyanya kufarirwa.North Carolina muUnited States inogadzira yakadzika yebhuruu uye yegirini gem-mhando sodalite.
7.Garnet
◆Zvinhu zvemuviri
Kazhinji brown, yero, tsvuku, girini, nezvimwewo;transparent to translucent;vitreous luster, kutsemuka ne resinous luster;hapana cleavage;kuoma 5.6 ~ 7.5;density 3.5 ~ 4.2.
◆Applications
Kuoma kweGarnet kwakakwirira kunoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune zvinhu zvinoputika;makristasi makuru ane ruvara rwakanaka uye pachena anogona kushandiswa sematombo anokosha zvinhu.
◆Kuparadzanisa nzira
Kuronga maoko, kupatsanurwa kwemagineti.
◆Genesis uye chiitiko
Garnet inoparadzirwa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze geological, kuumba marudzi akasiyana-siyana egarnet nekuda kwemaitiro akasiyana e geological;calcium-aluminium garnet series inonyanya kugadzirwa mu hydrothermal, alkaline rocks, uye mamwe pegmatites;magnesium-aluminum garnet series inogadzirwa zvakanyanya mumatombo ane gineous uye edunhu metamorphic matombo, gneisses, uye matombo anoputika.
8.Biotite
◆Zvinhu zvemuviri
Biotite inonyanya kuwanikwa mumetamorphic matombo uye mamwe mamwe matombo akadai segranite.Rudzi rwebiotite runobva kune dema kusvika kune brown, tsvuku, kana girini.Iyo ine vitreous luster, elastic crystals, kuomarara kushoma pane chipikiri, nyore kubvarura kuita zvidimbu, uye ine plate-shaped kana columnar.
◆Applications
Inonyanya kushandiswa mukuvaka zvidziviriro zvemoto, kugadzira mapepa, asphalt pepa, mapurasitiki, rabha, zvinodzima moto, simbi dzewelding, zvishongo, pearl pigments, uye mamwe maindasitiri emakemikari.Mumakore achangopfuura, biotite yakashandiswawo zvakanyanya mukushongedza kwekushongedza senge pendi chaiyo yematombo.
◆Kuparadzanisa nzira
Flotation, kusarudzwa kwemhepo, kusarudzwa kwemaoko, kupepeta, kusarudzwa kwekukweshana, kugaya zvakanaka, kugaya kwekupedzisira, kugadziridzwa kwepasi.
9.Muscovite
◆Zvinhu zvemuviri
Muscovite imhando ye mica mineral mu white mica group, silicate yealuminium, iron, uye potassium.Muscovite ine muscovite yakasviba-yakasviba (yakasiyana-siyana yebrown kana yegirini, nezvimwewo) uye yakareruka-ruvara muscovite (yakasiyana-siyana yero yero).Chiedza-ruvara muscovite iri pachena uye ine vitreous luster;dema-ruvara muscovite iri semi-pachena.Vitreous kune submetallic luster, cleavage pamusoro ine pearly luster.Mashizha matete ari elastic, kuoma 2 ~ 3, chaiyo giravhiti 2.70 ~ 2.85, isiri-conductive.
◆Applications
Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvivakwa zvekuvaka, indasitiri yekudzima moto, zvinodzimisa moto, simbi dzewelding, mapurasitiki, magetsi ekudzivirira, kugadzira mapepa, asphalt bepa, rabha, pearl pigments, uye mamwe maindasitiri emakemikari.Ultrafine mica poda inoshandiswa senge inoshanda yekuzadza mapurasitiki, machira, pendi, rabha, nezvimwewo, kuvandudza simba remakanika, kuwedzera kuoma, kunamatira, anti-kuchembera, uye kusakara.
Indasitiri, inonyanya kushandiswa pakudzivirira kwayo uye kudzivirira kupisa, pamwe nekuramba kwayo kune acids, alkalis, compression, uye peeling zvivakwa, zvinoshandiswa semidziyo yekudzivirira yemidziyo yemagetsi nemidziyo yemagetsi;kechipiri inoshandiswa mukugadzira mabhoilers eutsi, kunyungudutsa mahwindo echoto chevira, uye zvikamu zvemuchina.
◆Kuparadzanisa nzira
Flotation, kusarudzwa kwemhepo, kusarudzwa kwemaoko, kupepeta, kusarudzwa kwekukweshana, kugaya zvakanaka, kugaya kwekupedzisira, kugadziridzwa kwepasi.
10.Olivine
◆Zvinhu zvemuviri
Olive green, yellow-green, light gray-green, green-black.Vitreous luster, yakajairika shell-shaped fracture;kuoma 6.5 ~ 7.0, density 3.27 ~ 4.37.
◆Applications
Inoshandiswa sezvigadziriso zvema magnesium makomisheni uye phosphates, inoshandiswa mukugadzira calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer;magnesium-rich olivine inogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvinoramba;pachena, coarse-grained olivine inogona kushandiswa sematombo anokosha zvinhu.
◆Kuparadzanisa nzira
Kusarudzwa zvakare, kupatsanurwa kwemagineti.
◆Genesis uye chiitiko
Inonyanya kuumbwa nemagmatic chiito, inoitika mu ultrabasic uye matombo ekutanga, akabatana nepyroxene, amphibole, magnetite, platinamu boka zvicherwa, nezvimwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-31-2024