Chimiro chechromium
Chromium, chiratidzo chechikamu Cr, atomic nhamba 24, inoenderana neatomu misa 51.996, ndeye shanduko yesimbi chikamu cheboka VIB cheperiodic tafura yemakemikari zvinhu. Chromium simbi ine muviri-centered cubic crystal, sirivheri-chena, density 7.1g/cm³, melting point 1860 ℃, boiling point 2680 ℃, chaiyo kupisa simba pa 25℃ 23.35J/(mol·K), kupisa kwe vaporization 342.1kJJ/342.1kJ mol, thermal conductivity 91.3 W/(m·K) (0-100°C), resistivity (20°C) 13.2uΩ·cm, ine yakanaka mechanical properties.
Kune mashanu valences echromium: +2, +3, +4, +5 uye +6. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu endogenous chiito, chromium inowanzova +3 valence. Misanganiswa ine +trivalent chromium ndiyo yakagadzikana zvakanyanya. +Sixvalent chromium compounds, kusanganisira chromium munyu, ane yakasimba oxidizing zvivakwa. Ionic radii yeCr3 +, AI3 + uye Fe3 + yakafanana, saka vanogona kuva nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Mukuwedzera, zvinhu zvinogona kutsiviwa nechromium manganese, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, zinc, nezvimwewo, saka chromium inoparadzirwa zvakanyanya mu magnesium iron silicate minerals uye accessory minerals.
Application
Chromium ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa simbi muindasitiri yemazuva ano. Inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwesimbi isina tsvina uye akasiyana-siyana alloy steels nenzira yeferroalloys (yakadai se ferrochrome). Chromium ine hunhu hwekuoma, kusapfeka, kusapisa uye kusaita ngura. Chrome ore inoshandiswa zvakanyanya musimbi, refractory zvinhu, indasitiri yemakemikari uye maindasitiri ekutanga.
Muindasitiri yemetallurgical, chromium ore inonyanya kushandiswa kunyungudutsa ferrochrome uye metallic chromium. Chromium inoshandiswa sechinhu chinowedzera simbi kugadzira zvakasiyana-siyana zvekusimba, zvinodzivirira corrosion, kusapfeka, kupisa-kupisa, uye oxidation-resistant simbi dzakakosha sesimbi isina tsvina, acid-resistant simbi, simbi isingapise kupisa, bhora rinotakura simbi, chitubu simbi, mudziyo simbi, etc. Chromium inogona kuwedzera michina zvivakwa uye kupfeka kuramba simbi. Metal chromium inonyanya kushandiswa kunyungudutsa yakakosha alloys ine cobalt, nickel, tungsten uye zvimwe zvinhu. Chrome plating uye chromizing inogona kugadzira simbi, mhangura, aluminiyamu uye mamwe masimbi kuumba nzvimbo isingadziviriri, inopenya uye yakanaka.
Muindasitiri yekuramba, chromium ore chinhu chakakosha chekuramba chinoshandiswa kugadzira chrome zvidhinha, chrome magnesia zvidhinha, advanced refractories uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvekuramba zvinhu (chrome kongiri). Chromium-based refractories inonyanya kusanganisira zvidhinha zvine chrome ore uye magnesia, sintered magnesia-chrome clinker, yakanyungudutswa magnesia-chrome zvidhinha, yakanyungudutswa, yakatsetseka pasi uye ipapo kubatanidza magnesia-chrome zvidhinha. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumoto wakavhurika mavira, induction mavira, etc.
Muindasitiri yekuvamba, chromium ore haizodyidzana nezvimwe zvinhu musimbi yakanyungudutswa panguva yekudurura, ine yakaderera yekupisa yekuwedzera coefficient, inoshingirira kupinda kwesimbi, uye ine kuita kurinani kutonhora kupfuura zircon. Chrome ore ye foundry ine zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa pamakemikari ekuumbwa uye particle size kugovera.
Muindasitiri yemakemikari, kunyanya kushandiswa kwechromium kugadzira sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7 · H2O) mhinduro, uyezve kugadzirira mamwe macompounds echromium kuti ashandiswe mumaindasitiri akaita se pigment, machira, electroplating, nekugadzirwa kwematehwe, pamwe nezvinokonzeresa. .
Iyo yakatsetseka yakatsetseka chromium ore poda ndeye yakasikwa coloring agent mukugadzirwa kwegirazi, ceramics uye glazed tiles. Kana sodium dichromate ichishandiswa kuparadza dehwe, puroteni (collagen) uye macarbohydrates muganda rekutanga anopindirana nemakemikari zvinhu kuti aite yakagadzikana yakaoma, inova hwaro hwezvigadzirwa zvematehwe. Muindasitiri yemachira, sodium dichromate inoshandiswa se mordant mukudhaya machira, iyo inogona kunyatso batanidza mamorekuru edhayi kune organic compounds; inogona zvakare kushandiswa seanoxidant mukugadzirwa kwedhayi nepakati.
Chromium mineral
Kune anopfuura makumi mashanu marudzi emaminerari ane chromium akawanikwa mune zvakasikwa, asi mazhinji acho ane yakaderera chromium yemukati uye yakapararira kugovera, iyo ine yakaderera kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri. Aya maminerari ane chromium ndeye oxides, chromates uye silicates, kuwedzera kune mashoma hydroxides, iodates, nitrides uye sulfides. Pakati pavo, chromium nitride uye chromium sulfide zvicherwa zvinongowanikwa mumameteorites.
Semhando yemaminerari mune chromium ore subfamily, chromite ndiyo yega yakakosha maindasitiri mineral yechromium. Iyo theoretical chemical formula ndeye (MgFe) Cr2O4, umo Cr2O3 yemukati inoverengera 68%, uye FeO account ye32%. Muchigadzirwa chayo chemakemikari, iyo trivalent cation inonyanya Cr3 +, uye kazhinji kune Al3+, Fe3+ uye Mg2+, Fe2+ isomorphic substitutions. Mune chaiyo yakagadzirwa chromite, chikamu cheFe2 + chinowanzotsiviwa neMg2 +, uye Cr3 + inotsiviwa neAl3 + uye Fe3 + kune madhigirii akasiyana. Iyo yakazara dhigirii yekutsiva isomorphic pakati pezvakasiyana zvikamu zvechromite haina kuenderana. Iwo mana-odha yekubatanidza cations anonyanya magnesium nesimbi, uye yakazara isomorphic inotsiva pakati pemagnesium-iron. Zvinoenderana nechina-chikamu nzira, chromite inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina: magnesium chromite, iron-magnesium chromite, mafic-iron chromite uye iron-chromite. Mukuwedzera, chromite inowanzova nehuwandu hwemanganese, A homogeneous musanganiswa wetitanium, vanadium uye zinc. Mamiriro echromite ndeemhando yakajairika spinel.
4. Hunhu chiyero chekromium concentrate
Zvinoenderana neakasiyana nzira dzekugadzirisa (mineralization uye ore yechisikigo), chromium ore yesimbi yakakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri: concentrate (G) uye bundu ore (K). Ona tafura iri pasi apa.
Hunhu hunodiwa kune chromite ore ye metallurgy
Chrome ore Beneficiation tekinoroji
1) Kusarudzwa zvakare
Parizvino, kupatsanurwa kwegiravhiti kunotora chinzvimbo chakakosha mukubatsira kwechromium ore. Nzira yekupatsanurwa kwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, iyo inoshandisa yakasununguka kuisa mumhepo ine mvura semaitiro ekutanga, ichiri nzira huru yekupfumisa chromium ore pasi rese. Iyo giravhiti yekuparadzanisa michina ndeye spiral chute uye centrifugal concentrator, uye iyo yekugadzira particle size renji yakafaranuka. Kazhinji, density musiyano pakati pechromium zvicherwa uye gangue zvicherwa mukuru kupfuura 0.8g/cm3, uye giravhiti kupatsanurwa chero particle size yakakura kupfuura 100um inogona kugutsa. mhedzisiro ye. Makumbo akakora (100 ~ 0.5mm) ore inorongwa kana kufanosarudzwa neheavy-medium beneficiation, inova nzira yekubatsira ine mari.
2) Magnetic kupatsanurwa
Magnetic separation inzira yekubatsira iyo inoona kupatsanurwa kwemaminerari mune isina-uniform magineti munda zvichibva pamusiyano wemagineti wezvicherwa zviri muore. Chromite ine isina simba remagineti zvivakwa uye inogona kupatsanurwa neinomira mhete yakakwira gradient magineti separators, yakanyorova ndiro yemagineti separators uye zvimwe zvishandiso. Iwo chaiwo magineti anonzwa coefficients emaminerari echromium anogadzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzinogadzira chromium ore munyika haana kunyanya kusiyana, uye akafanana neiyo chaiyo magineti susceptibility coefficients yewolframite uye wolframite inogadzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Pane mamiriro maviri ekushandisa magineti kupatsanurwa kuwana yakakwira-giredhi chromium concentrate: imwe ndeyekubvisa yakasimba magineti zvicherwa (kunyanya magnetite) muore pasi pesimba remagineti risina simba kuti riwedzere chiyero cheferrochrome, uye imwe ndeye kushandisa simba remagineti. Kuparadzaniswa kwemaminerari e gangue uye kudzoreredza kwechromium ore (isina simba remagineti).
3) Kusarudzwa kwemagetsi
Kuparadzaniswa kwemagetsi inzira yekuparadzanisa chromium ore uye silicate gangue zvicherwa nekushandisa magetsi emagetsi emaminerari, senge misiyano ye conductivity uye dielectric constant.
4) Flotation
Mukati mekuita kwekupatsanurwa kwegiravhiti, yakanaka-grained (-100um) chromite ore inowanzoraswa semaswe, asi chromite yehukuru uhu ichine kukosha kwekushandisa kwepamusoro, saka nzira yekufambisa inogona kushandiswa kune yakaderera-giredhi yakanaka Granular chromite ore. yapora. Flotation yechromium ore ine 20% ~ 40% Cr2O3 mumaswe uye serpentine, olivine, rutile uye calcium magnesium carbonate minerals se gangue minerals. Iyo ore yakatsetseka kusvika ku200μm, girazi remvura, phosphate, metaphosphate, fluorosilicate, nezvimwewo zvinoshandiswa kuparadzira nekudzivisa sludge, uye unsaturated fatty acid inoshandiswa semuunganidzi. Kupararira uye kudzvinyirirwa kwe gangue sludge kwakakosha zvakanyanya kune iyo flotation process. Maoni esimbi akadai sesimbi uye lead anogona kushandura chromite. Kana iyo pH kukosha kwe slurry iri pasi pe6, chromite haigoni kuyangarara. Muchidimbu, iyo flotation reagent inoshandiswa yakakura, iyo yekutarisa giredhi haina kugadzikana, uye mwero wekudzoreredza wakaderera. Ca2 + uye Mg2 + yakanyungudutswa kubva kune gangue zvicherwa zvinoderedza kusarudzwa kweiyo flotation process.
5) Chemical Beneficiation
Kemikari nzira ndeyekubata zvakananga imwe chromite ore isingagone kupatsanurwa nemaitiro emuviri kana mutengo wemaitiro emuviri wakakwira. Iyo Cr / Fe reshiyo yekusimbisa inogadzirwa nemakemikari nzira yakakwira kupfuura yeyakajairika nzira yemuviri. Kemikari nzira dzinosanganisira: kusarudza leaching, oxidation kuderedza, kunyunguduka kuparadzaniswa, sulfuric acid uye chromic acid leaching, kuderedza uye sulfuric acid leaching, etc. Kusanganiswa kwemaitiro-kemikari nzira uye kurapwa kwakananga kwechromium ore nemakemikari nzira ndeimwe yenzira huru. maitiro ekubatsirwa kwechromite nhasi. Kemikari nzira dzinogona kuburitsa chromium kubva muorivhi uye kugadzira chromium carbide uye chromium oxide.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-30-2021