Munguva ye "14th Five-Year Plan" nguva, maererano nenyika "carbon peak uye carbon neutral" chirongwa chehurongwa, iyo photovoltaic indasitiri inotungamira mukusimudzira kuputika.Kubuda kweiyo photovoltaic indasitiri "yakagadzira hupfumi" kune iyo yese maindasitiri ketani.Mune iyi ketani inopenya, photovoltaic girazi chinhu chakakosha chinongedzo.Nhasi, kutsigira kuchengetedza kwesimba uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kudiwa kwegirazi rephotovoltaic kuri kuwedzera zuva nezuva, uye pane kusaenzana pakati pekupa uye kudiwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, pasi-iron uye ultra-white quartz jecha, chinhu chinokosha chegirasi ye photovoltaic, yakasimukawo, uye mutengo wakawedzera uye kugovera kuri kushoma.Nyanzvi dzemaindasitiri dzinofanotaura kuti jecha requartz rakaderera-iron richava nekuwedzera kwenguva refu kweanopfuura 15% kwemakore anopfuura gumi.Pasi pemhepo ine simba ye photovoltaic, kugadzirwa kwejecha re quartz pasi-iron kwakakwezva zvikuru.
1. Jecha requartz regirazi rephotovoltaic
Photovoltaic girazi rinowanzo shandiswa seye encapsulation panel ye photovoltaic modules, uye iri kutarisana zvakananga nekunze kwezvakatipoteredza.Kuramba kwaro kwemamiriro ekunze, simba, chiedza chekufambisa uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvinotora basa guru muupenyu hwe photovoltaic modules uye kushanda kwenguva refu kwekugadzira simba.Ioni dzesimbi mujecha requartz dziri nyore kupenda, uye kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekufambiswa kwezuva kwegirazi rekutanga, iyo iron yemukati yegirazi yephotovoltaic yakadzikira pane yegirazi rakajairwa, uye yakaderera-iron quartz jecha rine yakakwira silicon kuchena. uye kusvibiswa kwakaderera kunofanira kushandiswa.
Parizvino, kune mashoma emhando yepamusoro-yepasi-iron quartz jecha ari nyore kuchera munyika yedu, uye anonyanya kugoverwa muHeyuan, Guangxi, Fengyang, Anhui, Hainan nedzimwe nzvimbo.Mune ramangwana, nekukura kwesimba rekugadzira rekupedzisira-chena rakamisikidzwa girazi resolar maseru, emhando yepamusoro quartz jecha rine shoma nzvimbo yekugadzira inozove chinhu chinoshomeka.Kupiwa kwejecha requartz yepamusoro-soro uye yakagadzikana ichagadzirisa kukwikwidzana kwemakambani egirazi photovoltaic mune ramangwana.Naizvozvo, maitiro ekudzikisa zvinobudirira zviri mukati mesimbi, aluminium, titanium uye zvimwe zvinhu zvisina kuchena mujecha requartz uye kugadzirira yakakwirira-kuchena quartz jecha inyaya inopisa yekutsvagisa.
2. Kugadzirwa kwejecha rezasi-iron quartz ye photovoltaic glass
2.1 Kucheneswa kwejecha reQuartz yePhotovoltaic Glass
Parizvino, echinyakare quartz yekuchenesa maitiro ayo anoshandiswa muindasitiri muindasitiri anosanganisira kuronga, kukwesha, calcination-mvura kudzima, kukuya, sieving, kupatsanurwa kwemagineti, kupatsanurwa kwegiravhiti, flotation, acid leaching, microbial leaching, tembiricha degassing, nezvimwe. kucheneswa kwakadzama Maitiro anosanganisira kugocha chlorinated, irradiated color sorting, superconducting magnetic sorting, high tembiricha vacuum zvichingodaro.Iyo general beficiation process yekucheneswa kwejecha requartz yakagadziridzwa kubva pakutanga "kugaya, kupatsanurwa kwemagineti, kugeza" kusvika "kuparadzana → kuomarara kupwanya → calcination → kudzimwa kwemvura → kugaya → kuongorora → kupatsanurwa kwemagineti → kuyerera → acid Iyo yakasanganiswa beneficiation process yekunyudza →kuwacha→kuomesa, yakasanganiswa nemicrowave, ultrasonic uye dzimwe nzira dzekugadzirira kana kucheneswa kwekubatsira, inonatsiridza zvakanyanya maitiro ekuchenesa.Tichifunga nezve yakaderera-iron zvinodiwa zvephotovoltaic girazi, kutsvagisa uye kusimudzira nzira dzekubvisa jecha requartz dzinonyanya kuunzwa.
Kazhinji iron iripo mune anotevera mafomu matanhatu akajairika muquartz ore:
① Iripo muchimiro chezvimedu zvakanaka muvhu kana kaolinized feldspar
②Yakasungirirwa pamusoro pezvikamu zvequartz muchimiro chesimbi oxide firimu
③Iron zvicherwa zvakaita sehematite, magnetite, specularite, qinite, nezvimwewo kana iron-ine zvicherwa zvakaita semica, amphibole, garnet, nezvimwe.
④Iri munzvimbo yekunyudzwa kana lenzi mukati mezvikamu zvequartz
⑤ Iripo mumamiriro ekugadzirisa kwakasimba mukati mekristaro yequartz
⑥ Imwe chiyero chesimbi yechipiri ichasanganiswa mukupwanya nekukuya
Kuti unyatsoparadzanisa mamineral ane iron-ine kubva kuquartz, zvakakosha kutanga waona kuitika kwesimbi kusvibiswa mu quartz ore uye sarudza nzira inonzwisisika yebeneficiation uye nzira yekuparadzanisa kuti uwane kubviswa kwesimbi kusvibiswa.
(1) Magnetic kupatsanurwa maitiro
Iyo magineti yekuparadzanisa maitiro inogona kubvisa iyo isina kusimba magineti yekusachena zvicherwa senge hematite, limonite uye biotite kusanganisira yakabatana zvimedu kusvika pamwero mukuru.Zvinoenderana nesimba remagineti, kupatsanurwa kwemagineti kunogona kukamurwa kuita kupatsanurwa kwakasimba kwemagineti uye kupatsanurwa kwakasimba kwemagineti.Iyo yakasimba magineti kupatsanura kazhinji inotora yakanyorova yakasimba magineti separator kana yakakwirira gradient magineti separator.
Kazhinji kutaura, jecha requartz rine zvicherwa zvakanyanya zvisina simba zvemagineti senge limonite, hematite, biotite, nezvimwewo, inogona kusarudzwa uchishandisa nyoro-mhando yakasimba magineti muchina pamutengo uri pamusoro pe8.0 × 105A/m;Kune yakasimba magineti zvicherwa zvinotongwa nesimbi ore, zviri nani kushandisa isina simba remagineti muchina kana wepakati magineti muchina wekuparadzanisa.[2] Mazuva ano, nekushandiswa kwe-high-gradient uye yakasimba magnetic field separators, magnetic separation uye kucheneswa zvakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya kana zvichienzaniswa nekare.Semuyenzaniso, kushandisa electromagnetic induction roller type yakasimba magineti separator kubvisa simbi pasi pe 2.2T magineti simba rinogona kuderedza zviri muFe2O3 kubva pa0.002% kusvika 0.0002%.
(2) Flotation process
Flotation inzira yekuparadzanisa zvicherwa zvemaminerari kuburikidza neakasiyana emuviri uye kemikari zvivakwa pamusoro pemamineral particles.Basa guru nderokubvisa yakabatana mineral mica uye feldspar kubva kujecha requartz.Nokuti flotation kupatsanurwa kwesimbi-ine zvicherwa uye quartz, kutsvaka kuitika chimiro chesimbi tsvina uye kuparadzirwa chimiro chega chega saizi ndiyo kiyi pakusarudza zvakakodzera kupatsanurwa muitiro yokubvisa simbi.Mazhinji mamineral ane iron ane zero yemagetsi point pamusoro pe5, iyo inochajiswa zvakanaka munzvimbo ine acidic, uye ne theoretically yakakodzera kushandiswa kweanionic vaunganidzi.
Fatty acid (sipo), hydrocarbyl sulfonate kana sulfate inogona kushandiswa seanionic muunganidzi wekuyangarara kwesimbi oxide ore.Pyrite inogona kutenderera ye pyrite kubva kuquartz munzvimbo yekunhonga ine classic flotation agent ye isobutyl xanthate pamwe ne butylamine nhema poda (4: 1).Iyo dosage ndeye 200ppmw.
Kuyerera kweilmenite kunowanzo shandisa sodium oleate (0.21mol/L) sechinhu chinoyangarara kugadzirisa pH kusvika 4 ~ 10.Kemikari inoitika pakati peoleate ions nesimbi zvimedu pamusoro peilmenite kuti ibudise iron oleate, iyo inoshongedzwa nemakemikari Oleate ions inochengeta ilmenite nekutenderera kuri nani.Iwo hydrocarbon-based phosphonic acid vaunganidzi vakagadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura vane yakanaka kusarudza uye kuunganidza kuita kweilmenite.
(3) Acid leaching process
Chinangwa chikuru cheiyo acid leaching process ndeyekubvisa soluble iron minerals mu acid solution.Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kucheneswa kweasidhi leaching zvinosanganisira saizi yejecha requartz, tembiricha, nguva, rudzi rweasidhi, acid concentration, solid-liquid ratio, nezvimwewo, uye kuwedzera tembiricha uye asidi mhinduro.Kuisa pfungwa uye kuderedza radius ye quartz zvimedu zvinogona kuwedzera leaching rate uye leaching rate yeAl.Mhedzisiro yekuchenesa kweasidhi imwe chete inogumira, uye iyo yakasanganiswa acid ine synergistic effect, iyo inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kubviswa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvisina kuchena zvakadai seFe uye K. Common inorganic acids ndeyeHF, H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, HClO4 , H2C2O4, kazhinji maviri kana anopfuura ayo anosanganiswa uye anoshandiswa mune imwe chikamu.
Oxalic acid inowanzo shandiswa organic asidhi yeasidhi leaching.Inogona kuumba yakaoma yakagadzikana yakaoma nesimbi yakanyungudika, uye tsvina inoshambidzwa nyore nyore.Iine zvakanakira yakaderera dosage uye yakakwirira simbi yokubvisa mwero.Vamwe vanhu vanoshandisa Ultrasound kuti vabatsire kucheneswa kweoxalic acid, uye vakaona kuti kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa kubvongodza uye tank ultrasound, probe ultrasound ine yakanyanya Fe kubviswa mwero, huwandu hweoxalic acid iri pasi pe4g/L, uye chiyero chekubvisa simbi chinosvika. 75.4%.
Kuvapo kweasidhi yakanyungudutswa uye hydrofluoric acid inogona kunyatsobvisa tsvina yesimbi yakadai seFe, Al, Mg, asi huwandu hwehydrofluoric acid hunofanirwa kudzorwa nekuti hydrofluoric acid inogona kukanganisa zvidimbu zvequartz.Kushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeasidhi kunokanganisawo kunaka kwemaitiro ekuchenesa.Pakati pavo, iyo yakasanganiswa asidhi yeHCl neHF ine yakanakisa kugadzirisa maitiro.Vamwe vanhu vanoshandisa HCl neHF yakasanganiswa leaching agent kuchenesa jecha requartz mushure mekuparadzaniswa kwemagineti.Kuburikidza nemakemikari leaching, huwandu hwese hwehutsvina huri 40.71μg/g, uye kuchena kweSiO2 kwakakwira se99.993wt%.
(4) Microbial leaching
Utachiona hunoshandiswa kubudisa iron yefirimu yakatetepa kana kuisa simbi pamusoro pezvikamu zvejecha requartz, inova nzira ichangoburwa yekubvisa iron.Zvidzidzo zvekune dzimwe nyika zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kweAspergillus niger, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Polymyxin Bacillus uye mamwe ma microorganisms kune leaching iron pamusoro peiyo quartz firimu yakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka, iyo mhedzisiro yeAspergillus niger leaching iron yakakwana.Kubviswa kweFe2O3 kunonyanya kudarika 75%, uye giredhi reFe2O3 concentrate rakaderera se0.007%.Uye zvakaonekwa kuti mhedzisiro yeiron leaching ine pre-kurima kweakawanda mabhakitiriya uye molds zvingava nani.
2.2 Kumwe kufambira mberi kwekutsvagisa kwejecha requartz regirazi rephotovoltaic
Kuti uderedze huwandu hweasidhi, kuderedza kuoma kwekugadziriswa kwetsvina, uye kuve neushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, Peng Shou [5] et al.yakafumura nzira yekugadzirira 10ppm yakaderera-iron quartz jecha nenzira isiri yekunhonga: natural vein quartz inoshandiswa seyakagadzirwa, uye matatu-nhanho kupwanya, Danho rekutanga kukuya uye danho rechipiri rinogona kuwana 0.1 ~ 0.7mm grit. ;iyo grit inoparadzaniswa nechikamu chekutanga chekuparadzaniswa kwemagineti uye danho rechipiri rekubvisa kwakasimba kwemagineti ye mechanical iron uye iron-bearing minerals kuwana magnetic separation jecha;kupatsanurwa kwemagineti kwejecha kunowanikwa nechikamu chechipiri cheflotation Fe2O3 yemukati yakaderera pane 10ppm yakaderera-iron quartz jecha, flotation inoshandisa H2SO4 semugadziri, inogadzirisa pH = 2 ~ 3, inoshandisa sodium oleate uye kokonati mafuta-based propylene diamine sevaunganidzi. .Iyo yakagadzirwa quartz jecha SiO2≥99.9%, Fe2O3≤10ppm, inosangana nezvinodiwa zvesiliceous raw materials inodiwa kune optical glass, photoelectric display glass, uye quartz glass.
Kune rumwe rutivi, nekuderera kwemhando yepamusoro yequartz zviwanikwa, kushandiswa kwakazara kwezvinhu zvakaderera zvakakwezva kutarisisa kwakapararira.Xie Enjun wekuChina Zvishandiso Zvekuvaka Bengbu Girazi Indasitiri Dhizaini uye Research Institute Co., Ltd. yakashandisa kaolin tailings kugadzira yakaderera-iron quartz jecha regirazi rephotovoltaic.Iyo huru yemaminerari inoumbwa yeFujian kaolin tailings ndeye quartz, iyo ine shoma shoma yemaminerari asina kuchena senge kaolinite, mica, uye feldspar.Mushure meiyo kaolin tailings inoshandiswa nebeneficiation process ye "grinding-hydraulic classification-magnetic separation-flotation", zvinyorwa zve 0.6 ~ 0.125mm particle size yakakura kudarika 95%, SiO2 i99.62%, Al2O3 ndeye 0.065%, Fe2O3 ndiyo 92 × 10-6 yakanaka quartz jecha inosangana nehutano hunodiwa hwepasi-iron quartz jecha re photovoltaic glass.
Shao Weihua nevamwe vanobva kuZhengzhou Institute of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, vakabudisa patent yezvakagadzirwa: nzira yekugadzirira yakakwirira-kuchena kwejecha requartz kubva kune kaolin tailings.Matanho enzira: a.Kaolin tailings inoshandiswa sesimbi mbishi, iyo inosefa mushure mekubvongodzwa nekukweshwa kuti iwane +0.6mm zvinhu;b.+ 0.6mm zvinhu zvepasi uye zvakakamurwa, uye 0.4mm0.1mm zvicherwa zvemukati zvinoiswa pasi pemagineti kupatsanurwa kushanda, Kuti uwane magineti uye zvisiri-magineti zvinhu, izvo zvisiri-magineti zvinhu zvinopinda mukushanda kwekuparadzanisa kwegiravhiti kuti uwane giravhiti yekuparadzanisa maminerari emwenje uye iyo giravhiti kupatsanurwa inorema zvicherwa, uye giravhiti kupatsanura chiedza zvicherwa kupinda regrind oparesheni kuti chidzitiro kuwana + 0.1mm zvicherwa;c.+ 0.1mm Iyo mineral inopinda mu flotation operation kuti iwane flotation concentrate.Iyo yepamusoro mvura ye flotation concentrate inobviswa uye ipapo ultrasonically pickled, uye yozopepetwa kuwana iyo +0.1mm yakakora zvinhu seyakanyanya-kuchena quartz jecha.Iyo nzira yekugadzira haigone chete kuwana yepamusoro-mhando yequartz concentrate zvigadzirwa, asi zvakare ine ipfupi yekugadzirisa nguva, nyore kuyerera kwemaitiro, kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa, uye mhando yepamusoro yeyakawanikwa quartz concentrate, inogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro-kuchena. quartz.
Kaolin tailings ine yakawanda yakawanda ye quartz zviwanikwa.Kuburikidza nebeneficiation, kucheneswa uye kugadzirisa kwakadzika, inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa photovoltaic Ultra-white girazi raw materials.Izvi zvinopawo pfungwa itsva yekushandiswa kwakakwana kwekaolin tailings resources.
3. Mhedzisiro yemusika wepasi-iron quartz jecha regirazi rephotovoltaic
Kune rimwe divi, muhafu yechipiri ya2020, iyo yekuwedzera-inomanikidzwa kugadzirwa kwesimba haigone kutarisana neinoputika kudiwa pasi pekubudirira kwakanyanya.Kupihwa uye kudiwa kwegirazi rephotovoltaic hakuna kuenzana, uye mutengo uri kukwira.Pasi pekudanwa kwakabatana kwemakambani akawanda ephotovoltaic module, muna Zvita 2020, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology yakabudisa gwaro rinojekesa kuti photovoltaic rolled glass project inogona kusagadzira hurongwa hwekutsiva.Inobatwa nehurongwa hutsva, kuwedzera kwekukura kwekugadzirwa kwegirazi ye photovoltaic kuchawedzerwa kubva ku2021. Maererano nemashoko evanhu, simba regirazi re photovoltaic rine chirongwa chakajeka chekugadzirwa mu21 / 22 chichasvika 22250 / 26590t / d, ine kukura kwegore negore kwe68.4 / 48.6%.Panyaya yepolicy uye kudiwa-kudivi vimbiso, photovoltaic jecha rinotarisirwa kuunza mukukura kunoputika.
2015-2022 photovoltaic girazi indasitiri yekugadzira kugona
Kune rumwe rutivi, kuwedzera kukuru kwekugadzirwa kwegirazi ye photovoltaic kunogona kukonzera kupiwa kwejecha rezasi-iron silica kudarika kugovera, izvo zvinodzivisa kugadzirwa kweiyo photovoltaic girazi rekugadzira simba.Zvinoenderana nenhamba, kubvira 2014, kugadzirwa kwejecha renyika yequartz munyika yangu kwagara kwakadzikira zvishoma pane kudiwa kwemba, uye kupa uye kudiwa kwakachengetedza chiyero chakasimba.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nyika yangu yakaderera-iron quartz placer zviwanikwa ishoma, yakatarisana muHeyuan yeGuangdong, Beihai yeGuangxi, Fengyang yeAnhui neDonghai yeJiangsu, uye yakawanda yazvo inoda kutengwa kunze kwenyika.
Low-iron Ultra-white quartz jecha ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekushandisa (zvichiverengera zvingangoita 25% yemutengo wezvakagadzirwa) mumakore achangopfuura.Mutengo wave uchikwirawo.Kare, yanga iri 200 yuan/ton kwenguva yakareba.Mushure mekubuda kwechirwere cheQ1 mumakore makumi maviri, yakadonha kubva padanho repamusoro, uye parizvino iri kuchengetedza kushanda kwakagadzikana kwenguva iripo.
Muna 2020, kudiwa kwenyika yangu kwejecha requartz kuchave 90.93 miriyoni matani, iyo inobuda ichave 87.65 miriyoni matani, uye mambure ekunze achave 3.278 miriyoni matani.Zvinoenderana neruzivo rweveruzhinji, huwandu hwedombo requartz mu100kg yegirazi yakanyungudutswa inenge 72.2kg.Zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwekuwedzera huripo, huwandu hwekuwedzera kwegirazi rephotovoltaic muna 2021/2022 hunogona kusvika 3.23/24500t/d, maererano nekugadzirwa kwepagore Yakaverengerwa mukati memazuva 360, iyo yakazara kugadzirwa ichaenderana neiyo ichangobva kuwedzera kudiwa kwepasi. -iron silica jecha re836/635 miriyoni matani / gore, ndiko kuti, kutsva kutsva kwepasi-iron silica jecha rakaunzwa nephotovoltaic girazi muna 2021/2022 ichaita iyo yakazara quartz jecha muna 2020 9.2% / 7.0% yezvinodiwa .Tichifunga kuti yakaderera-iron silica jecha inongoverengera chikamu cheiyo yakazara silica jecha kudiwa, kupihwa uye kudiwa kudzvanywa pane yakaderera-iron silica jecha inokonzerwa nekudyara kukuru kwephotovoltaic girazi rekugadzira girazi rinogona kunge rakanyanya kukwira iyo yakazara quartz jecha indasitiri.
-Chinyorwa kubva kuPowder Network
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-11-2021