Munguva ye "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu e14", zvichienderana nehurongwa hwenyika hwe "carbon peak and carbon neutral", indasitiri ye photovoltaic ichaita kuti pave nebudiriro yakakura. Kubuda kweindasitiri ye photovoltaic "kwakagadzira pfuma" kune cheni yese yeindasitiri. Mune cheni iyi inoyevedza, girazi re photovoltaic chisungo chakakosha. Nhasi, vachitsigira kuchengetedza simba nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kudiwa kwegirazi re photovoltaic kuri kuwedzera zuva nezuva, uye pane kusawirirana pakati pekuwanikwa nekudiwa. Panguva imwe chete, jecha re quartz rine iron shoma ne ultra-white, chinhu chakakosha chegirazi re photovoltaic, rakwirawo, uye mutengo wakawedzera uye kuwanikwa kuri kushomeka. Nyanzvi dzeindasitiri dzinofanotaura kuti jecha re quartz rine iron shoma richawedzera kwenguva refu kupfuura 15% kwemakore anopfuura gumi. Pasi pemhepo ine simba ye photovoltaic, kugadzirwa kwejecha re quartz rine iron shoma kwakwezva kutariswa kukuru.
1. Jecha reQuartz regirazi re photovoltaic
Girazi rePhotovoltaic rinowanzo shandiswa sechikamu chekuvhara mamodule ephotovoltaic, uye rinosangana zvakananga nemamiriro ekunze. Kusasimba kwemamiriro ekunze, simba, kufambiswa kwechiedza nezvimwe zviratidzo zvinoita basa guru muhupenyu hwemamodule ephotovoltaic uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira magetsi kwenguva refu. Maion esimbi mujecha requartz ari nyore kudhayiwa, uye kuitira kuti girazi rekutanga riwane simba rakawanda rezuva, huwandu hwesimbi mugirazi rephotovoltaic hwakaderera pane hwegirazi remazuva ese, uye jecha requartz resimbi shoma rine kuchena kwakanyanya kwesilicon uye kusvibiswa kwakaderera rinofanira kushandiswa.
Parizvino, kune jecha shoma re quartz remhando yepamusoro rine simbi shoma riri nyore kuchera munyika medu, uye rinonyanya kupararira muHeyuan, Guangxi, Fengyang, Anhui, Hainan nedzimwe nzvimbo. Mune ramangwana, nekukura kwesimba rekugadzira girazi jena rakachenesesa remasero ezuva, jecha re quartz remhando yepamusoro rine nzvimbo shoma yekugadzira richave chinhu chishoma. Kuwanikwa kwejecha re quartz remhando yepamusoro uye rakagadzikana kuchaderedza kukwikwidzana kwemakambani egirazi re photovoltaic mune ramangwana. Saka, maitiro ekuderedza zvinobudirira huwandu hwesimbi, aluminium, titanium nezvimwe zvinhu zvisina kuchena mujecha re quartz uye kugadzirira jecha re quartz rakachena kwazvo inyaya inopisa yekutsvaga.
2. Kugadzirwa kwejecha re quartz risina simbi yakawanda regirazi re photovoltaic
2.1 Kucheneswa kwejecha reQuartz reGirazi rePhotovoltaic
Parizvino, nzira dzechinyakare dzekuchenesa quartz dzinoshandiswa muindasitiri dzinosanganisira kurongedza, kukwesha, kudzima calcination-water, kukuya, sieving, magnetic separation, gravity separation, flotation, acid leaching, microbial leaching, high temperature degassing, nezvimwewo, deep cleansing Maitiro anosanganisira kugocha chlorinated, irradiated color sorting, superconducting magnetic sorting, high temperature vacuum nezvimwewo. Maitiro ese ekuchenesa quartz sand cleansing epamba akagadziriswawo kubva pakutanga "kwekukuya, magnetic separation, washing" kusvika "kuparadzanisa → coarse crush → calcination → water quenching → grinding → screening → magnetic separation → flotation → acid Maitiro ekubatanidza ekuchenesa → kusukuta→kuomesa, pamwe chete ne microwave, ultrasonic nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa kana dzekubatsira, anovandudza zvikuru kuchenesa. Tichifunga nezvezvinodiwa negirazi re photovoltaic zvine iron shoma, kutsvaga nekuvandudza nzira dzekubvisa quartz sand dzinonyanya kutangwa.
Kazhinji simbi inowanikwa mumhando nhanhatu dzinotevera dzinowanikwa mu quartz ore:
① Dziripo muchimiro chezvidimbu zvitete muvhu kana feldspar yakasanganiswa nekaolinized
②Yakabatanidzwa pamusoro pezvikamu zve quartz muchimiro chefirimu re iron oxide
③Zvicherwa zvesimbi zvakaita sehematite, magnetite, specularite, qinite, nezvimwewo kana zvicherwa zvine simbi zvakaita semica, amphibole, garnet, nezvimwewo.
④Iri mumamiriro ekunyudzwa kana kuti lenzi mukati mezvikamu zve quartz
⑤ Inowanikwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara mukati mekristaro yequartz
⑥ Humwe huwandu hwesimbi yechipiri huchasanganiswa panguva yekupwanya nekukuya.
Kuti zvinyatso patsanura zvicherwa zvine iron kubva ku quartz, zvakakosha kutanga waona mamiriro ekusvibiswa kwesimbi mu quartz ore uye kusarudza nzira inonzwisisika yekubatsiridza uye nzira yekuparadzanisa kuti uwane kubviswa kwetsvina yesimbi.
(1) Maitiro ekuparadzanisa magineti
Maitiro ekuparadzanisa magineti anogona kubvisa zvicherwa zvisina kusimba zvemagineti zvakaita sehematite, limonite nebiotite kusanganisira zvikamu zvakabatana zvakanyanya. Zvichienderana nesimba remagineti, kupatsanurwa kwemagineti kunogona kukamurwa kuita kupatsanurwa kwakasimba kwemagineti uye kupatsanurwa kwakasimba kwemagineti. Kupatsanurwa kwakasimba kwemagineti kunowanzo tora kupatsanurwa kwakasimba kwemagineti kana kupatsanurwa kwakakwirira kwemagineti.
Kazhinji, jecha re quartz rine maminerari asina simba e magnetic discharge akadai se limonite, hematite, biotite, nezvimwewo, rinogona kusarudzwa uchishandisa muchina une simba re magnetic rakanyorova pamutengo uri pamusoro pe 8.0×105A/m; Kune maminerari ane simba re magnetic anodzorwa ne iron ore, zviri nani kushandisa muchina une simba re magnetic kana muchina une simba re medium magnetic kuti uparadzanise. [2] Mazuva ano, nekushandiswa kwe high-gradient uye strong magnetic field magnetic separators, magnetic separation and cleansing zvave nani zvikuru zvichienzaniswa nekare. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa electromagnetic induction roller type strong magnetic separator kubvisa iron pasi pe 2.2T magnetic field strength kunogona kuderedza huwandu hweFe2O3 kubva pa 0.002% kusvika pa 0.0002%.
(2) Maitiro ekuyangarara
Kuyerera kwemvura inzira yekuparadzanisa zvicherwa kuburikidza nehunhu hwakasiyana hwemuviri nehwemakemikari pamusoro pezvicherwa. Basa guru nderekubvisa mica nefeldspar zvine chekuita nazvo kubva mujecha re quartz. Pakuparadzaniswa kwezvicherwa zvine iron ne quartz, kutsvaga chimiro chekubuda kwetsvina yesimbi uye chimiro chekupararira kwehukuru hwese hwezvicherwa ndiyo kiyi yekusarudza nzira yakakodzera yekuparadzanisa yekubvisa iron. Zvicherwa zvakawanda zvine iron zvine zero electric point iri pamusoro pe5, iyo inochajwa zvakanaka munzvimbo ine acidic, uye inokodzera kushandiswa kweanionic collectors.
Mafuta (sipo), hydrocarbyl sulfonate kana sulfate zvinogona kushandiswa semuunganidzi weanionic wekudonha kwesimbi oxide ore. Pyrite inogona kudonha kubva ku quartz munzvimbo yekubika ne classic flotation agent ye isobutyl xanthate pamwe ne butylamine black powder (4:1). Chiyero chacho chingangoita 200ppmw.
Kuyerera kwe ilmenite kunowanzo shandisa sodium oleate (0.21mol/L) sechinhu chinogadzirisa pH kusvika pa4 ~ 10. Kuitika kwemakemikari kunoitika pakati pe oleate ions nesimbi pamusoro pe ilmenite kuti igadzire iron oleate, iyo inonyungudutswa nemakemikari. Ma Oleate ions anochengetedza ilmenite nekuyangarara kuri nani. Ma hydrocarbon-based phosphonic acid collectors akagadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura ane sarudzo yakanaka uye mashandiro akanaka ekuunganidza ilmenite.
(3) Maitiro ekubvisa asidhi
Chinangwa chikuru chekubvisa zvicherwa zvesimbi zvinonyungudika mumushonga weasidhi. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro yekuchenesa kwekubvisa acid zvinosanganisira saizi yejecha re quartz, tembiricha, nguva, rudzi rweasidhi, kuwanda kweasidhi, chiyero chesolid-liquid, nezvimwewo, uye kuwedzera tembiricha uye mhinduro yeasidhi. Kuwanda uye kuderedza radius yezvikamu zve quartz kunogona kuwedzera mwero wekubvisa uye mwero wekubvisa weAl. Mhedzisiro yekuchenesa yeasidhi imwe chete yakaganhurirwa, uye acid yakasanganiswa ine simba rekubatana, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya mwero wekubvisa zvinhu zvisina kuchena zvakaita seFe neK. Asidhi asingasanganisike akajairika ndiHF, H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, HClO4, H2C2O4, kazhinji maviri kana anopfuura acho anosanganiswa uye anoshandiswa mune imwe chiyero.
Oxalic acid iacid inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuburitsa acid. Inogona kugadzira complex yakasimba neayoni dzesimbi dzakanyungudutswa, uye tsvina yacho inosukwa zviri nyore. Ine mabhenefiti emuyero mudiki uye mwero wepamusoro wekubvisa iron. Vamwe vanhu vanoshandisa ultrasound kubatsira kuchenesa oxalic acid, uye vakaona kuti kana tichienzanisa ne stirging ne tank ultrasound, probe ultrasound ine mwero wepamusoro wekubvisa Fe, huwandu hweoxalic acid huri pasi pe4g/L, uye mwero wekubvisa iron unosvika 75.4%.
Kuvapo kweasidhi yakasanganiswa uye hydrofluoric acid kunogona kubvisa tsvina yesimbi yakaita seFe, Al, Mg, asi huwandu hwehydrofluoric acid hunofanira kudzorwa nekuti hydrofluoric acid inogona kukanganisa zvidimbu zve quartz. Kushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzeasidhi kunokanganisawo kunaka kwemaitiro ekuchenesa. Pakati pazvo, asidi yakasanganiswa yeHCl neHF ine mhedzisiro yakanaka yekugadzirisa. Vamwe vanhu vanoshandisa HCl neHF mixed leaching agent kuchenesa jecha re quartz mushure mekupatsanurwa kwemagineti. Kuburikidza ne chemical leaching, huwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvisina kuchena i40.71μg/g, uye kuchena kweSiO2 kwakakwira kusvika 99.993wt%.
(4) Kubvisa utachiona kubva muzvinhu zvipenyu
Zvipukanana zvinoshandiswa kubvisa simbi yakatetepa kana kuisa simbi pamusoro pejecha re quartz, inova nzira itsva yekubvisa simbi. Zvidzidzo zvekune dzimwe nyika zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kweAspergillus niger, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Polymyxin Bacillus nezvimwe tupukanana mukubvisa simbi pamusoro pe quartz film kwakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka, iyo mhedzisiro yeAspergillus niger leaching iron yakanyanya kunaka. Mwero wekubvisa Fe2O3 uri pamusoro pe75%, uye giredhi reFe2O3 concentrate rakaderera se0.007%. Uye zvakaonekwa kuti mhedzisiro yekubvisa simbi nekutanga kurimwa kwebhakitiriya nemafungus yaive nani.
2.2 Kumwe kufambira mberi kwekutsvaga kwejecha re quartz regirazi re photovoltaic
Kuti kuderedze huwandu hweasidhi, kuderedza kuoma kwekugadzirisa tsvina, uye kuve nekuchengetedza nharaunda, Peng Shou [5] nevamwe vake vakaburitsa nzira yekugadzira jecha re quartz re 10ppm risina iron nemaitiro asiri e pickling: natural vein quartz inoshandiswa sechinhu chisina kugadzirwa, uye kupwanya kwematanho matatu. Kukuya kwedanho rekutanga uye kupatsanurwa kwedanho rechipiri kunogona kuwana grit ye 0.1 ~ 0.7mm; grit inoparadzaniswa nedanho rekutanga rekupatsanurwa kwemagnetic uye danho rechipiri rekubviswa kwakasimba kwesimbi yemuchina uye minerals ine iron kuti iwane jecha rekupatsanurwa kwemagnetic; kupatsanurwa kwemagnetic kwejecha kunowanikwa ne flotation yedanho rechipiri Fe2O3 huwandu hwakaderera pane 10ppm low-iron quartz jecha, flotation inoshandisa H2SO4 se regulator, inogadzirisa pH=2~3, inoshandisa sodium oleate uye coconut oil-based propylene diamine se collectors. Jecha re quartz rakagadzirwa SiO2≥99.9%, Fe2O3≤10ppm, rinosangana nezvinodiwa nezvinhu zve siliceous zvinodiwa pagirazi re optical, girazi re photoelectric display, uye girazi re quartz.
Kune rumwe rutivi, nekushomeka kwezviwanikwa zve quartz zvemhando yepamusoro, kushandiswa kwakazara kwezviwanikwa zvemhando yepamusoro kwakakwezva kutariswa kukuru. Xie Enjun weChina Building Materials Bengbu Glass Industry Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. akashandisa kaolin tailings kugadzirira jecha re quartz rine iron shoma regirazi re photovoltaic. Chimiro chikuru chezvicherwa zveFujian kaolin tailings i quartz, ine huwandu hushoma hwezvicherwa zvisina kuchena zvakaita se kaolinite, mica, uye feldspar. Mushure mekunge kaolin tailings yagadziriswa nemaitiro ekunatsa e "grinding-hydraulic classification-magnetic separation-flotation", huwandu hwe 0.6 ~ 0.125mm particle size hwakakura kupfuura 95%, SiO2 i 99.62%, Al2O3 i 0.065%, Fe2O3 i 92×10-6 fine quartz jecha inosangana nezvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro yejecha re quartz rine iron shoma regirazi re photovoltaic.
Shao Weihua nevamwe vanobva kuZhengzhou Institute of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, vakaburitsa patent yekugadzirwa: nzira yekugadzira jecha re quartz rakachena kwazvo kubva mumatope e kaolin. Matanho ekuita: a. Matsime e Kaolin anoshandiswa se mineral raw, ayo anoseferwa mushure mekukurunga nekukweshwa kuti awane zvinhu zve +0.6mm; b. Zvinhu zve +0.6mm zvinokuyiwa uye zvinoiswa muzvikamu, uye zvinhu zve mineral zve 0.4mm0.1mm zvinoitwa magnetic separation operation. Kuti vawane zvinhu zve magnetic uye zvisiri zve magnetic, zvinhu zvisiri zve magnetic zvinopinda mu gravity separation operation kuti zviwane minerals dze gravity separation uye minerals heavy separation, uye minerals dze gravity separation light dzinopinda mu regrind operation kuti dzionekwe kuti dziwane +0.1mm minerals; c+0.1mm Mamineral anopinda mu flotation operation kuti awane flotation concentrate. Mvura yepamusoro ye flotation concentrate inobviswa uye yozotorwa ne ultrasonically pickled, uye yozoseferwa kuti iwane +0.1mm coarse material se high-purity quartz jecha. Nzira yekugadzira iyi haingogone kuwana zvigadzirwa zve quartz concentrate zvemhando yepamusoro chete, asiwo ine nguva pfupi yekugadzirisa, kufamba kuri nyore kwemaitiro, kushandiswa kwesimba shoma, uye mhando yepamusoro ye quartz concentrate yakawanikwa, iyo inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro ye quartz.
Kaolin tailings ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezviwanikwa zve quartz. Kuburikidza nekunatswa, kucheneswa uye kugadziriswa zvakadzama, inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa zvinhu zvegirazi re photovoltaic ultra-white raw. Izvi zvinopawo pfungwa itsva yekushandiswa kwakazara kwezviwanikwa zve kaolin tailings.
3. Kuongororwa kwemusika kwejecha re quartz rine simbi shoma regirazi re photovoltaic
Kune rumwe rutivi, muhafu yechipiri yegore ra2020, kugona kwekugadzira kwakamanikana hakugone kuzadzisa kudiwa kuri kuwedzera nekuda kwekubudirira kukuru. Kuwanikwa uye kudiwa kwegirazi remagetsi ezuva nezuva hakuna kuenzana, uye mutengo uri kukwira. Pasi pekudanwa kwemakambani mazhinji emagetsi ezuva nezuva, muna Zvita 2020, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology yakaburitsa gwaro richitsanangura kuti chirongwa chegirazi remagetsi ezuva nezuva chingasagadzire hurongwa hwekutsiva kugona. Vachikanganiswa nemutemo mutsva, mwero wekukura kwekugadzirwa kwegirazi remagetsi ezuva nezuva uchawedzerwa kubva muna 2021. Sekureva kweruzivo rweveruzhinji, kugona kwegirazi remagetsi ezuva nezuva rine hurongwa hwakajeka hwekugadzira muna 21/22 kuchasvika 22250/26590t/d, nekukura kwegore negore kwe68.4/48.6%. Kana paine vimbiso dzemutemo nedzekuda, jecha remagetsi rinotarisirwa kuunza kukura kwakanyanya.
Kukwanisa kugadzira girazi re photovoltaic indasitiri ye2015-2022
Kune rumwe rutivi, kuwedzera kukuru kwesimba rekugadzira magirazi e-photovoltaic kunogona kukonzera kuti kuwanikwa kwejecha resilica rine iron shoma kupfuure kuwanikwa, izvo zvinozoderedza kugadzirwa chaiko kwesimba rekugadzira magirazi e-photovoltaic. Zvichienderana nehuwandu, kubvira muna 2014, kugadzirwa kwejecha re quartz remunyika yangu kwave kwakaderera zvishoma pane zvinodiwa nemunyika, uye kuwanikwa nekudiwa kwakaramba kwakasimba.
Panguva imwe chete, zviwanikwa zve quartz placer zvemunyika yangu zvine iron shoma hazviwanikwe, zvakaungana muHeyuan yeGuangdong, Beihai yeGuangxi, Fengyang yeAnhui neDonghai yeJiangsu, uye zvakawanda zvacho zvinoda kutengeswa kunze kwenyika.
Jecha re quartz rine simbi shoma ultra-white ultra-white ndere chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzira (zvichireva 25% yemutengo wezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira) mumakore achangopfuura. Mutengo wacho wave uchikwirawo. Kare, rave richidhura mayuan mazana maviri patani kwenguva yakareba. Mushure mekupararira kwedenda reQ1 mumakore makumi maviri, radzikira kubva padanho repamusoro, uye parizvino riri kuramba richishanda zvakanaka parizvino.
Muna 2020, kudiwa kwejecha re quartz munyika yangu kuchave matani mamiriyoni 90.93, kubuda kuchave matani mamiriyoni 87.65, uye mari inotengwa kunze kwenyika ichave matani mamiriyoni 3.278. Sekureva kweruzivo rweveruzhinji, huwandu hwematombo e quartz mu 100kg yegirazi rakanyungudutswa hunosvika 72.2kg. Sekureva kwehurongwa hwekuwedzera huripo, kuwedzera kwesimba regirazi re photovoltaic muna 2021/2022 kunogona kusvika 3.23/24500t/d, zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwegore negore. Zvichiverengerwa mukati memazuva 360, kugadzirwa kwese kuchaenderana nekudiwa kutsva kwejecha re silica rine iron shoma rematani mamiriyoni 836/635 pagore, kureva kuti, kudiwa kutsva kwejecha re silica rine iron shoma rinounzwa negirazi re photovoltaic muna 2021/2022 kuchave chikamu chejecha re quartz rose muna 2020 9.2%/7.0% yekudiwa. Tichifunga kuti jecha resilica rine simbi shoma rinongotarisa chikamu chese chinodiwa nejecha resilica, kumanikidzwa kwekuwanikwa uye kudiwa kwejecha resilica rine simbi shoma kunokonzerwa nekudyara kukuru kwesimba rekugadzira magirazi e photovoltaic kunogona kunge kwakanyanya kupfuura kumanikidzwa kuri muindasitiri yese yejecha re quartz.
—Chinyorwa kubva kuPowder Network
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-11-2021