Nehunhu hwakakosha hwemuviri nemakemikari, kaolin ipfuma yesimbi isingakoshi muzvigadzirwa zveceramics, bepa, rabha, mapurasitiki, refractories, petroleum refinery nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri nedzekurima nedzekudzivirira nyika. Kuchena kwekaolin chiratidzo chakakosha chekushandiswa kwayo.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuchena kwekaolin
Kaolin ivhu rakacheneswa kana kuti dombo revhu rakaumbwa zvakanyanya nemaminerari e kaolinite. Fomura yaro yemakemikari ekristaro i2SiO2 · Al2O3 · 2H2O. Zvishoma zvezvicherwa zvisiri zvevhu zvinosanganisira quartz, feldspar, zvicherwa zvesimbi, titanium, aruminiyamu hydroxide uye oxides, organic matter, nezvimwewo.
Maumbirwo ekristaro ekaolin
Zvichienderana nemamiriro uye hunhu hwetsvina mu kaolin, tsvina inokonzera kudzikira kwekuchena kwe kaolin inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: organic carbon; Pigment elements, dzakadai seFe, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Mn, nezvimwewo; rima minerals, dzakadai se biotite, chlorite, nezvimwewo. Kazhinji, zviri mu V, Cr, Cu, Mn nezvimwe zvinhu mu kaolin zvidiki, izvo zvine simba shoma pakuchena. Kuumbwa kwemaminerari uye huwandu hwesimbi ne titanium ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa kuchena kwe kaolin. Kuvapo kwavo hakuzongokanganisi kuchena kwechisikigo kwe kaolin, asiwo kunokanganisa kuchena kwayo kwakakora. Kunyanya, kuvapo kwesimbi oxide kune simba rakaipa paruvara rwevhu uye kunoderedza kupenya kwayo uye kuramba moto. Uye kunyangwe huwandu hwe oxide, hydroxide uye hydrated oxide yesimbi oxide huri 0.4%, zvakakwana kupa dhayi revhu dzvuku kuita ruvara rweyero. Aya ma iron oxides nema hydroxides anogona kuva hematite (tsvuku), maghemite (tsvuku-tsvuku), goethite (yero yakasvibira), limonite (orenji), hydrated iron oxide (tsvuku yakasvibira), nezvimwewo. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kubviswa kwetsvina yesimbi mu kaolin kunoita basa rakakosha zvikuru mukushandiswa zviri nani kwe kaolin.
Kuitika kwechinhu chesimbi
Kuwanikwa kwesimbi mu kaolin ndicho chinhu chikuru chinosarudza nzira yekubvisa simbi. Ongororo dzakawanda dzinotenda kuti simbi yekristaro muchimiro chezvidimbu zvitete inosanganiswa mu kaolin, nepo simbi isina chimiro inoputirwa pamusoro pezvidimbu zvitete zve kaolin. Parizvino, mamiriro ekushandiswa kwesimbi mu kaolin akakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri munyika nekune dzimwe nyika: imwe iri mu kaolinite uye zvicherwa zvinowedzerwa (zvakadai se mica, titanium dioxide uye illite), iyo inonzi structural iron; Imwe iri muchimiro chezvicherwa zvesimbi zvakazvimiririra, zvinonzi free iron (kusanganisira surface iron, fine-grained crystalline iron uye amorphous iron).
Simbi inobviswa nekubvisa simbi uye kuichenesa kaolin isimbi yakasununguka, kunyanya inosanganisira magnetite, hematite, limonite, siderite, pyrite, ilmenite, jarosite nezvimwe zvicherwa; Simbi zhinji dziripo muchimiro che colloidal limonite yakapararira zvakanyanya, uye huwandu hushoma muchimiro che spherical, acicular uye irregular goethite uye hematite.
Nzira yekubvisa simbi uye kuichenesa ne kaolin
Kuparadzaniswa kwemvura
Nzira iyi inonyanya kushandiswa kubvisa zvicherwa zvakaora zvakaita se quartz, feldspar ne mica, uye tsvina yakawanda yakaita sematombo akaora, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvicherwa zvesimbi ne titanium. Zvicherwa zvisina kuchena zvine huremu hwakafanana uye kunyungudika kwakafanana ne kaolin hazvigone kubviswa, uye kuvandudzwa kwekuchena hakusi pachena, izvo zvakakodzera kunatswa nekucheneswa kweore ye kaolin yepamusoro.
Kupatsanurwa kwemagineti
Tsvina yesimbi mu kaolin inowanzova isina simba remagineti. Parizvino, nzira yekuparadzanisa yakasimba yemagetsi inonyanya kushandiswa, kana kuti isina simba remagineti inoshandurwa kuita magnetic iron oxide yakasimba mushure mekugochwa, uye yozobviswa nenzira yakajairika yekuparadzanisa magnetic.
Mhete yakatwasuka ine gradient yakakura yemagineti inoparadzanisa
High gradient magnetic separator ye electromagnetic slurry
Chinoparadzanisa magineti che superconducting chekupisa kwakaderera
Nzira yekuyangarara
Nzira yekuyangarara yakashandiswa kurapa kaolin kubva muzvinhu zvekutanga nezvechipiri. Mukuita kwekuyangarara, kaolinite nezvidimbu zvemica zvinoparadzaniswa, uye zvigadzirwa zvakacheneswa zvinova zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakodzera zvemhando yepamusoro yeindasitiri. Kupatsanurwa kwekaolinite nefeldspar kwemhando yepamusoro kunowanzoitwa muslurry ine pH yakadzorwa.
Nzira yekuderedza
Nzira yekuderedza ndeyekushandisa chinhu chinodzikisa tsvina yesimbi (senge hematite nelimonite) muchimiro che trivalent che kaolin kuenda kuma soluble bivalent iron ions, ayo anobviswa nekusefa nekusuka. Kubviswa kweFe3+tsvina kubva mu industrial kaolin kunowanzoitwa nekubatanidza tekinoroji ye physical (magnetic separation, selective flocculation) uye chemical treatment pasi pe acidic kana reduction conditions.
Sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4), inozivikanwawo sesodium hydrosulfite, inoshanda mukuderedza uye kubvisa iron kubva ku kaolin, uye parizvino inoshandiswa muindasitiri ye kaolin. Zvisinei, nzira iyi inofanira kuitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ane acid yakawanda (pH<3), zvichikonzera mitengo yakakwira yekushanda uye kukanganisa nharaunda. Pamusoro pezvo, hunhu hwemakemikari e sodium hydrosulfite hahuna kugadzikana, hunoda hurongwa hwakakosha uye hunodhura hwekuchengetedza nekutakura.
Thiourea dioxide: (NH2) 2CSO2, TD) chinhu chinodzikisa simba, chine mabhenefiti ekugona kudzikisa simba, hushamwari kune nharaunda, mwero wakaderera wekuora, kuchengetedzeka uye mutengo wakaderera wekugadzirwa kwebatch. Fe3+isina kunyungudika mu kaolin inogona kuderedzwa kuita Fe2+inonyungudika kuburikidza neTD.
Mushure mezvo, kuchena kwekaolin kunogona kuwedzerwa mushure mekusefa nekusuka. TD inogara yakasimba patembiricha yemumba uye mumamiriro ekunze asina kusimba. Kugona kwakasimba kweTD kuderedza kunogona kuwanikwa chete mumamiriro ealkalinity yakasimba (pH>10) kana kupisa (T>70 ° C), zvichikonzera mari yakawanda yekushanda uye kuoma.
Nzira yekuisa oxidation
Kurapa kwe oxidation kunosanganisira kushandisa ozone, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate uye sodium hypochlorite kubvisa kabhoni yakanyungudutswa kuti kuchena kuve nani. Kaolin iri munzvimbo yakadzika pasi pemutoro wakakora igrey, uye iron iri mu kaolin iri muchimiro chekudzikisa. Shandisa zvinhu zvine simba zvakaita se ozone kana sodium hypochlorite kuti uoxide insoluble FeS2 mu pyrite kuti ive soluble Fe2+, wozogeza kuti ubvise Fe2+ kubva musystem.
Nzira yekubvisa acid
Nzira yekuburitsa acid ndeyekushandura tsvina yesimbi isinganyungudike mu kaolin kuita zvinhu zvinonyungudika mu acidic solutions (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, nezvimwewo), nokudaro zvichiita kuti pave nekuparadzaniswa kubva ku kaolin. Kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe organic acids, oxalic acid inoonekwa seinonyanya kuvimbisa nekuda kwesimba rayo re acid, kugona kwayo kuomesa zvinhu zvakanaka uye kugona kwayo kuderedza zvinhu zvakanyanya. Ne oxalic acid, simbi yakanyungudika inogona kubviswa kubva mu leaching solution muchimiro che ferrous oxalate, uye inogona kugadziriswazve kuti igadzire pure hematite kuburikidza ne calcination. Oxalic acid inogona kuwanikwa zvakachipa kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzeindasitiri, uye panguva yekugadzira ceramic, chero oxalate yasara muzvinhu zvakagadziriswa ichaora kuita carbon dioxide. Vaongorori vazhinji vakadzidza mhedzisiro yekunyungudutsa iron oxide ne oxalic acid.
Nzira yekuverenga calcination pakupisa kwakanyanya
Kunyudza calcium inzira yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekaolin zvemhando yepamusoro. Zvichienderana nekupisa kwekurapa, mhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzekaolin ine calcium dzinogadzirwa. Kunyudza calcium mukupisa kwe650-700 ℃ kunobvisa boka rehydroxyl, uye utsi hwemvura hunobuda hunosimbisa kusimba uye kupenya kwekaolin, inova chinhu chakanaka chekushandisa pepa rekuputira. Pamusoro pezvo, nekupisa kaolin pa1000-1050 ℃, haingogone kungowedzera kuchena, asiwo kuwana 92-95% kuchena.
Kugadziriswa kwe chlorine
Simbi netitanium zvakabviswa muzvicherwa zvevhu, kunyanya kaolin ne chlorination, uye mhedzisiro yakanaka yakawanikwa. Mukuita kwe chlorination ne calcination, pakupisa kwakanyanya (700 ℃ - 1000 ℃), kaolinite yakabviswa hydroxylation kuti igadzire metakaolinite, uye pakupisa kwakanyanya, zvikamu zve spinel ne mullite zvinoumbwa. Kuchinja uku kunowedzera hydrophobicity, kuomarara uye saizi yezvidimbu kuburikidza ne sintering. Zvicherwa zvakagadziriswa nenzira iyi zvinogona kushandiswa mumaindasitiri mazhinji, akadai sepepa, PVC, rabha, mapurasitiki, adhesives, polishing uye toothpaste. Hydrophobicity yakanyanya inoita kuti zvicherwa izvi zvienderane zvakanyanya ne organic systems.
Nzira ye microbiological
Tekinoroji yekuchenesa zvicherwa zve microbial inyaya itsva yekugadzirisa zvicherwa, kusanganisira tekinoroji yekubvisa zvicherwa zve microbial uye tekinoroji yekufambisa zvicherwa zve microbial. Tekinoroji yekubvisa zvicherwa zve microbial inyanzvi yekubvisa inoshandisa kudyidzana kwakadzama pakati pezvicherwa nezvicherwa kuparadza kristalo lattice yezvicherwa nekunyungudutsa zvinhu zvinobatsira. Oxidized pyrite nedzimwe sulfide ores dziri mu kaolin dzinogona kucheneswa netekinoroji yekubvisa zvicherwa zve microbial. Zvicherwa zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinosanganisira Thiobacillus ferroxidans uye Fe-reducing bacteria. Nzira iyi ye microbiological ine mutengo wakaderera uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakaderera, izvo zvisingakanganisi hunhu hwemuviri nemakemikari e kaolin. Iyi inzira itsva yekuchenesa nekuchenesesa ine mikana yekuvandudza zvicherwa zve kaolin.
Pfupiso
Kubvisa simbi nekurapa kaolin kunofanira kusarudza nzira yakanakisisa zvichienderana nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvemavara uye zvinangwa zvakasiyana zvekushandiswa, kuvandudza kushanda kwakakwana kwekuchena kwekaolin minerals, uye kuita kuti ive nekushandiswa kwakawanda uye kukosha kwehupfumi. Mafambiro ekuvandudza mune ramangwana anofanirwa kuve ekubatanidza hunhu hwenzira yemakemikari, nzira yemuviri uye nzira ye microbiological nenzira yepanyama, kuitira kuti zvipe zvakanakira zvadzo uye kudzora zvadzinoshata, kuitira kuti zvive nani pakuchena. Panguva imwe chete, zvakakoshawo kudzidza nzira itsva yekubvisa tsvina dzakasiyana-siyana uye kuvandudza maitiro ekuita kuti kubviswa kwesimbi nekuchenesa kaolin kukure nenzira yegirini, inoshanda uye ine kabhoni shoma.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-02-2023