[Ruzivo rweindasitiri] Kubvisa simbi nekuchena kurapwa kwekaolin

Iine akakosha emuviri uye makemikari zvivakwa, kaolin chinhu chakakosha chisiri chesimbi chicherwa mucheramics, kugadzira mapepa, rabha, mapurasitiki, refractories, petroleum refine uye mamwe maindasitiri uye ezvekurima uye edziviriro echeka-kumucheto tekinoroji minda. Kuchena kwekaolin chiratidzo chakakosha chekushandisa kwayo kukosha.

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Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuchena kwekaolin

Kaolin imhando yevhu rakatsetseka kana dombo revhu rinonyanya kuumbwa nekaolinite minerals. Yayo crystal chemical formula ndeye 2SiO2 · Al2O3 · 2H2O. Nhamba shoma yezvicherwa zvisiri zvevhu ndeye quartz, feldspar, iron minerals, titanium, aluminium hydroxide uye oxides, organic matter, nezvimwe.

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Crystalline chimiro che kaolin

Maererano nemamiriro uye chimiro chetsvina mu kaolin, tsvina inokonzera kuderera kwekuchena kwekaolin inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zvitatu: organic carbon; Pigment zvinhu, seFe, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Mn, nezvimwe; Dark minerals, yakadai sebiotite, chlorite, etc. Kazhinji, zvinyorwa zveV, Cr, Cu, Mn nezvimwe zvinhu mu kaolin iduku, iyo ine zvishoma zvishoma pakuchena. Iyo mineral composition uye zvirimo zvesimbi uye titanium ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa kuchena kwekaolin. Kuvapo kwavo hakuzongokanganisa kuchena kwechisikigo kwekaolin, asiwo kunokanganisa kuchena kwayo kwecalcined. Kunyanya, kuvapo kwesimbi oxide kune kukanganisa kwemavara evhu uye kunoderedza kupenya kwayo nekudzivirira moto. Uye kunyangwe huwandu hweooxide, hydroxide uye hydrated oxide ye iron oxide iri 0.4%, inokwana kupa ivhu sediment dzvuku kune yero coloring. Izvi simbi oxides uye hydroxides anogona kuva hematite (tsvuku), maghemite (tsvuku-ruvara), goethite (brown yellow), limonite (orenji), hydrated iron oxide (brownish tsvuku), etc. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kubviswa kwesimbi tsvina. mu kaolin inoita basa rakakosha zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kuri nani kwekaolin.

Kuitika mamiriro esimbi element

Kuitika kwesimbi mu kaolin ndicho chinhu chikuru chinotarisa nzira yekubvisa simbi. Nhamba huru yezvidzidzo zvinotenda kuti crystalline iron muchimiro chezvimedu zvakanaka inosanganiswa mu kaolin, nepo amorphous iron yakaputirwa pamusoro pezvimedu zvakanaka zvekaolin. Parizvino, kuitika mamiriro simbi mu kaolin rakakamurwa mhando mbiri kumba uye kunze: mumwe ari kaolinite uye accessory zvicherwa (zvakadai mica, titanium dioxide uye illite), iyo inonzi structural simbi; Imwe yacho iri muchimiro chezvicherwa zvesimbi zvakazvimiririra, zvinonzi simbi yemahara (inosanganisira simbi yepamusoro, yakanaka-grained crystalline iron uye amorphous iron).

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Simbi inobviswa nekubviswa kwesimbi uye kuchena kwekaolin isimbi yemahara, kunyanya kusanganisira magnetite, hematite, limonite, siderite, pyrite, ilmenite, jarosite nemamwe maminerari; Simbi yakawanda iripo muchimiro cheyakanyanya kupararira colloidal limonite, uye shoma muchimiro che spherical, acicular uye irregular goethite uye hematite.

Kubvisa simbi uye kuchena nzira ye kaolin

Kuparadzaniswa kwemvura

Iyi nzira inonyanya kushandiswa kubvisa zvicherwa zvinoparadza zvakaita sequartz, feldspar uye mica, uye kusvibiswa kwakakomba semarara ematombo, pamwe nemamwe masimbi uye titanium zvicherwa. Kusachena zvicherwa ane akafanana density uye solubility kuti kaolin haigoni kubviswa, uye kuchena kuvandudzika zviri zvishoma kwete pachena, izvo akakodzera Beneficiation uye whitening zvishoma yepamusoro-mhando kaolin ore.

Magnetic kupatsanurwa

Iron mineral tsvina mu kaolin inowanzova isina simba remagineti. Parizvino, iyo yakakwira gradient yakasimba magineti yekuparadzanisa nzira inonyanya kushandiswa, kana iyo isina simba magineti zvicherwa inoshandurwa kuita yakasimba magineti iron oxide mushure mekugocha, yozobviswa neyakajairwa magineti yekuparadzanisa nzira.

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Vertical ring high gradient magnetic separator

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Yakakwira gradient magineti separator ye electromagnetic slurry

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Yakaderera tembiricha superconducting magineti separator

Flotation nzira

The flotation nzira yakashandiswa kurapa kaolin kubva chepuraimari uye chechipiri deposits. Mukuita flotation, kaolinite uye mica zvimedu zvinopatsanurwa, uye zvakacheneswa zvigadzirwa akati wandei akakodzera maindasitiri giredhi zvigadzirwa. Iyo yakasarudzika flotation kupatsanurwa kwekaolinite uye feldspar inowanzoitwa mune slurry ine inodzorwa pH.

Kuderedza nzira

The rutapudzo nzira kushandisa kuderedza mumiririri kuderedza simbi tsvina (zvakadai hematite uye limonite) ari trivalent mamiriro kaolin kuti soluble bivalent simbi ayoni, izvo zvinobviswa filtration uye kugeza. Kubviswa kweFe3 + tsvina kubva kuindasitiri kaolin kunowanzo kuwanikwa nekubatanidza tekinoroji yemuviri (magnetic separation, selective flocculation) uye kurapwa kwemakemikari pasi pe acidic kana kuderedza mamiriro.

Sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4), inozivikanwawo sesodium hydrosulfite, inoshanda mukudzikisa uye leaching iron kubva ku kaolin, uye parizvino inoshandiswa muindasitiri yekaolin. Zvisinei, iyi nzira inofanira kuitwa pasi pemamiriro akasimba ane acidic (pH <3), zvichiita kuti pave nepamusoro pekushandisa mari uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Uye zvakare, iyo makemikari zvimiro zve sodium hydrosulfite haina kugadzikana, inoda yakakosha uye inodhura yekuchengetedza uye hurongwa hwekufambisa.

Thiourea dioxide: (NH2) 2CSO2, TD) isimbi yakasimba yekudzikisa, ine zvakanakira yekudzikisa kwakasimba kugona, kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza, kuderera kwekuora mwero, kuchengetedzeka uye mutengo wakaderera wekugadzira batch. Insoluble Fe3+ mu kaolin inogona kudzikiswa kuita soluble Fe2+ kuburikidza neTD.

Zvadaro, kuchena kwekaolin kunogona kuwedzerwa mushure mekusefa uye kugezwa. TD yakagadzikana zvakanyanya pakamuri tembiricha uye mamiriro asina kwaakarerekera. Iyo yakasimba yekudzikisa kugona kweTD inogona kuwanikwa chete pasi pemamiriro eiyo alkalinity yakasimba (pH> 10) kana kupisa (T> 70 ° C), zvichikonzera kudhura kwekushanda uye kuoma.

Oxidation nzira

Oxidation kurapwa kunosanganisira kushandisa ozone, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate uye sodium hypochlorite kubvisa adsorbed kabhoni layer kunatsiridza kuchena. Iyo kaolin munzvimbo yakadzika pasi pemutoro wakakora ipfumbu, uye iron iri mu kaolin iri mukuderedza mamiriro. Shandisa yakasimba oxidizing agents akadai ozone kana sodium hypochlorite kuti oxidize insoluble FeS2 mu pyrite kuti soluble Fe2 +, uye ipapo kugeza kubvisa Fe2 + kubva mugadziriro.

Acid leaching nzira

Iyo asidhi leaching nzira ndeye kushandura tsvina isinganyunguriki yesimbi mu kaolin kuita zvinhu zvinonyungudika mu acidic zvinogadzirisa (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, etc.), nokudaro kuona kupatsanurwa kubva kaolin. Kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe organic acids, oxalic acid inoonekwa seyakanyanya kuvimbisa nekuda kwesimba rayo reasidhi, yakanaka kuomesa pfuma uye yakanyanya kuderedza kugona. Iine oxalic acid, iyo yakanyungudika simbi inogona kudonha kubva kune leaching mhinduro muchimiro cheferrous oxalate, uye inogona kufambiswazve kuumba yakachena hematite kuburikidza necalcination. Oxalic acid inogona kuwanikwa zvakachipa kubva kune mamwe maindasitiri maitiro, uye munhanho yekupfuta yekugadzira ceramic, chero yakasara oxalate mune yakagadziriswa zvinhu inozonyungudutswa kuita kabhoni dioxide. Vatsvakurudzi vakawanda vakadzidza migumisiro yekunyungudutsa iron oxide ne oxalic acid.

High tembiricha calcination nzira

Calcination inzira yekugadzira yakakosha giredhi kaolin zvigadzirwa. Zvinoenderana nekushisa kwekurapa, magiredhi maviri akasiyana ecalcined kaolin anogadzirwa. Calcination mune tembiricha ye650-700 ℃ inobvisa iyo dhizaini hydroxyl boka, uye iyo inopunyuka yemvura inopfungaira inowedzera elasticity uye opacity yekaolin, inova hunhu hwakakodzera hwekushandisa bepa. Mukuwedzera, nekupisa kaolin pa1000-1050 ℃, haigoni kungowedzera abradability, asiwo kuwana 92-95% kuchena.

Chlorination calcination

Simbi uye titanium zvakabviswa kubva mumaminerari evhu, kunyanya kaolin nechlorination, uye mhedzisiro yakanaka yakawanikwa. Mukuita kweklorini uye calcination, pakupisa kwepamusoro (700 ℃ - 1000 ℃), kaolinite yakaitwa dehydroxylation kuti iite metakaolinite, uye pakupisa kwepamusoro, spinel uye mullite zvikamu zvinogadzirwa. Shanduko idzi dzinowedzera hydrophobicity, kuoma uye saizi yezvimedu kuburikidza ne sintering. Zvicherwa zvakabatwa nenzira iyi zvinogona kushandiswa mumaindasitiri mazhinji, akadai sepepa, PVC, rabha, mapurasitiki, zvinonamirwa, kukwenenzvera uye mushonga wemazino. Iyo yepamusoro hydrophobicity inoita kuti zvicherwa izvi zvienderane ne organic system.

Microbiological nzira

Microbial yekuchenesa tekinoroji yezvicherwa inyaya nyowani yekugadzirisa zvicherwa, kusanganisira hutachiona hwekuita tekinoroji uye tekinoroji yekubhururuka. Iyo microbial leaching tekinoroji yezvicherwa ndeye tekinoroji yekubvisa iyo inoshandisa kupindirana kwakadzama pakati pehutachiona nemaminerari kuparadza crystal lattice yemaminerari uye kunyungudutsa zvinhu zvinobatsira. Oxidized pyrite uye mamwe sulfide ores ari mu kaolin anogona kucheneswa ne microbial extraction tekinoroji. Zvipembenene zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinosanganisira Thiobacillus ferrooxidans uye Fe-reducing bacteria. Iyo microbiological nzira ine yakaderera mutengo uye yakaderera kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvisingazokanganisa maitiro emuviri uye makemikari eiyo kaolin. Iyo inzira nyowani yekuchenesa uye yekuchena nzira ine tarisiro yekusimudzira yekaolin zvicherwa.

Summary

Kubviswa kwesimbi uye kuchena kurapwa kwekaolin kunoda kusarudza nzira yakanakisa zvinoenderana neyakasiyana-siyana zvikonzero uye zvakasiyana-siyana mashandisirwo ezvinangwa, kuvandudza kuchena kwakazara kwekuita kwekaolin zvicherwa, uye kuita kuti ive yakanyanya kukosha kwekushandisa uye kukosha kwehupfumi. Mafambiro ebudiriro yeramangwana anofanira kunge ari ekubatanidza maitiro emakemikari nzira, nzira yemuviri uye nzira ye microbiological organically, kuitira kuti vape kutamba kwakazara kune zvakanakira zvavo uye kudzoreredza zvipingamupinyi zvavo uye zvikanganiso, kuitira kuti vawane nani chena mhedzisiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakoshawo kuti uwedzere kudzidza nzira itsva yenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokubvisa tsvina uye kugadzirisa nzira yekuita kuti kubviswa kwesimbi uye kuchena kwekaolin kukudziridze munzira yegirinhi, inoshanda uye yakaderera kabhoni.


Nguva yekutumira: Mar-02-2023